Meaning of Soil Formation | How Soils are Formed | Factors of Soil Formation Primary 4 and Primary 5 – Agriculture

AGRICULTURE 

PREVOCATIONAL STUDIES

FIRST TERM 

WEEK 2/PRIMARY 5

WEEK 4/PRIMARY 4

THEME – AGRICULTURE 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Soil Types – Characteristics of Sandy Soil | Characteristics of Clay Soil | Characteristics of Loamy Soil Primary 4 (Basic 4) – Agriculture

TOPIC: FORMATION OF SOIL 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introductory Activities

2. Process of Soil Formation

3. Factors of Soil Formation

4. Lesson Evaluation and Weekly Assessment (Test)

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. discuss different process soil formation.

2. list and explain the factors of soil formation.

3. attempt 70% (and above) of weekly assessment correctly.

ENTRY BEHAVIOR

The pupils can identify and describe different types of soil.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Soil samples – sandy, clayey and loamy

2. Funnel

3. Water

4. Measuring glass

5. Filter paper

6. Cotton wool

7. Pots

8. Maize grains

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Scheme of Work

9 – Basic Education Curriculum

Course Books

All Relevant Materials

Online Materials

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION

The process of soil formation is called weathering.

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller (tiny) particles to form soil.

FORMATION OF SOIL

Soil formation is the break down of rocks into smaller particles to form soil.

Rocks are parent materials through which soils are formed.

The break down of rocks to form soil take either of the following processes:

• Physical process

• Chemical process

• Biological process

LESSON 2 – HOW SOILS ARE FORMED (OR PROCESS OF BREAKING DOWN OF ROCK) 

1. PHYSICAL PROCESS 

Physical process is the breaking down of rock as a result of changes in temperature, abrasion and frost.

2. CHEMICAL PROCESS 

Chemical process is the breaking down of rock by chemical makeup. That’s mineral content of the rock with water, air or other chemicals.

3. BIOLOGICAL PROCESS 

Biological process is the breaking down of rock by living thing. Man, animals and micro organisms.

FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION

1. PARENT MATERIALS 

Parent materials are the rocks where soil are formed.

2. LIVING ORGANISMS 

Living organisms are one of the factors that help soil formation.

These organisms are the living things such as plant, fungi, animals, and bacteria.

3. CLIMATE 

The climate is a huge factor in the formation of Soil.

Soil formation depends on the climate such as rainfall, temperature, air, pressure, etc.

4. TOPOGRAPHY 

The topography of the area is the slope of the surface of land where the soil forms.

5. TIME 

Time is the duration for all these factors to interact with the soil.

LESSON 3 – SUMMARY AND WEEKLY ASSESSMENT

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Guides the pupils in discussing formation of soil.

Pupil’s Activities – Take active in part in discussing formation of soil.

3. Demonstrates how man involved in breaking down of rock;

Pupil’s Activities – List various activities of man that aids formation of rock.

4. Summary each lesson on the board.

Pupil’s Activities – Copy as the teacher writes.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Physical Properties of Soil | Weekly Assessment for Properties of Soil Primary 4 (Basic 4) – Agriculture

• Agents of Soil Formation (Primary 5)

LESSON EVALUATION

Ask pupils to:

1. mention 3 processes of breaking down of rock.

2. explain 2 processes of breaking down of rock.

3. list 3 factors of soil formation.

4. describe 2 factors of soil formation.

WORKBOOK

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT (TEST) 

1. _______ is the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles.

A. Weather

B. Weathering

C. Whether

 

2. _______ is the soil parents materials.

A. Rock

B. Block

C. Break

 

3. _______ is the top layer of the earth’s surface.

A. Rock

B. Sand

C. Soil

 

4. _______ is the breaking down of rock by man, animals, plant and micro organisms.

A. Physical process

B. Biological process

C. Chemical process

 

5. _______ is the breaking down of rock by water, wind, etc.

A. Physical process

B. Biological process

C. Chemical process

 

6. _______ is the breaking down of rock by temperature change.

A. Physical process

B. Biological process

C. Chemical process

 

7. The rocks where soils are formed are known as _______.

A. soil materials

B. topography materials

C. parent materials

8. The slope of the surface of land where the soil forms is called _______.

A. soil

B. topography

C. parent

9. The duration for all factors to interact with the soil is known as _______.

A. period

B. time

C. season

10. These organisms are the living things such as plant, fungi, animals, and bacteria.

A. False

B. True

11. Soil formation depends on the climate such as rainfall, temperature, air and pressure.

A. True

B. False

12. Living organisms are not one of the factors that help soil formation.

A. True

B. False

 

13. The climate is a huge factor in the formation of soil.

A. False

B. True

13. The process of rock formation is called weathering.

A. True

B. False

14. Weathering is the breaking down of soils into smaller particles to form soil.

A. True

B. False

15. Rocks are parent materials through which soils are formed.

A. False

B. True