Joints and Muscles (Primary 5)

 BASIC SCIENCE 

SECOND TERM

WEEK 4

PRIMARY 5

TOPIC: JOINTS AND MUSCLES 

LEARNING AREA 

1. Lesson One – Joints and Types of Joints
2. Lesson Two – Functions of Joints
3. Lesson Three – Muscles and Functions of Muscles
4. Lesson Four – Revision

TIME – 40 Minutes each.

LEARNING OUTCOME 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of joints;
2. Name and explain two types of joints ;
3. Explain the meaning of muscle;
4. State the functions of joints and muscles.

RATIONALE

There are many bones in the human skeleton. The place where one bone joins to another is called joint. Muscles are made of fibres that move part of our body around. Just like muscle, joints make it possible to move our body in different direction. The concept of joint and muscle will end the pupils to understand and appreciate the importance of joints in movement.

LEARNING MATERIALS 

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of chart or model of human skeleton showing muscle and types of joints.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

• Different types of bones in the body.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
2. Lagos State Scheme of work
3. Basic Science and Technology Book 6
4. MacMillan Primary Sciences Book 6
5. All Relevant Materials
6. Online Materials

LESSON PLAN/DEVELOPMENT

LESSON DEVELOPMENT 1 – JOINTS AND TYPES OF JOINTS

STAGE 1 – Introduction (5 minutes) 

Teacher’s Activities 

1. What are the functions of bones?
2. What are the main bones in the body?

Learner’s Activities

1. The bones supports and protects the body.
2. The main parts of the skeleton are the skull, the hip bone, the shoulder bone, the chest bone (ribs), the backbone and the limb bones.

Learning Points – Linking the previous knowledge to the new concept. 

STAGE 2 – Grouping (5 minutes) 

Teacher’s Activities

1. Groups the pupils into four groups – A, B, C, and D.
2. Guide the pupils to choose a leader and secretary for your group.
3. Gives each group learning materials.

Pupil’s Activities

1. Belong to a group.
2. Choose their leader and secretary.
3. Received learning materials for their group.

Learning Points – Pupil’s group, leader and secretary confirmed.

STAGE 3 – Development (10 minutes) 

Teacher’s Activities – Guided instructions:

• Guides pupils to:

1. Identify the shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle and knee.
2. Touch your shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle and knee.

• Leads pupils to understand that these positions of the body are called joints.
• What is joint?

Pupil’s Activities 

1. Shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle and knee are identified on chart.
2. Shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle and knee are identified on their body.
3. Joint is the place where one bone joins to another.

Learning Points – Meaning of joint 

STAGE 4 – Development (10 minutes) 

Teacher’s Activities 

• Guides pupils to identify the joints that can –

1. Turn round
2. Only move to one side or direction.

• The joints that turn round is called ball and socket joint. While joints that only move to one side or in one direction is called hinge joint.

Pupil’s Activities 

1. Shoulder and hip can turn round.
2. Elbow, ankle and knee only move in one direction.
3. Ehoulder and hip are ball and socket because they can turn round.
4. Elbow, ankle and knee are hinge because they only move in one direction.

Lesson Points – Types of joints 

Step 5 – Development (10 minutes) 

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises (through questions and answers) the entire lesson and links it to the next lesson.

EVALUATION 

1. What are the movable joints in the body?
2. Where are the joints found in our body?

LESSON DEVELOPMENT 2 – JOINTS AND FUNCTIONS OF OF JOINTS

LESSON DEVELOPMENT 3 – MUSCLES AND FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES