Pollution (Primary 4)

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

FIRST TERM

FIRST WEEK

BASIC 4

THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 

TOPIC: Pollution

Pollution is an unwanted stuff and harmful substances contaminating our natural environment.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 

  • By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and be able to:
  1. define pollution and list some water pollutants;
  2. list common sources of pollution;
  3. describe the consequences of water pollution on the people and on the environment;
  4. describe the roles of the communities, industries and oil exploration in water pollution;
  5. suggest ways of reducing the risks of pollution.

ENTRY BEHAVIOR

The pupils are required to already have learned forms of energy.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

  1. Photographs and charts showing polluted water, industries letting, fumes into the air.
  2. Posters or photographs showing areas affected by oil spillage.

 

METHOD OF TEACHING

  1. Explanation
  2. Discussion
  3. Demonstration
  4. Questions and answers

REFERENCE MATERIALS

  1. Scheme of Work
  2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
  3. Course Book
  4. All Relevant Material
  5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

POLLUTION

Pollution is the introduction (or release) of unwanted stuff and harmful substances into the natural environment. Natural environment are the physical features such as air, water and land. Man are the basic cause of pollution. These substances are very harmful to man, animals, plants and living organisms.

TYPES OF POLLUTION 

  1. Air pollution
  2. Water pollution
  3. Land pollution
  4. Noise (or sound) pollution

WATER POLLUTION 

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the water – stream, river, lake, ocean and other sources of water.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION 

  1. Sewage and waste water.
  2. Dumping solid refuse into the stream, river, etc.
  3. Industrial waste running into lake, river, etc.
  4. Oil spillage over the land and water.
  5. Dead in the water.
  6. Acid rain
  7. Global warming

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION 

  1. Spreading various diseases
  2. Unsafe for drinking
  3. Harmful to plants and aquatic animals.
  4. Unsafe for industrial use
  5. Destruction of ecosystems
  6. Effects of food chains

PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION 

  1. Always conserve water
  2. Dispose trash properly
  3. Proper sewage treatment and management.
  4. Reduce the use of insecticide, pesticides, fertilizer and other harmful chemicals.
  5. Afforestation
  6. Waste recycling
  7. Practice organic farming
  8. Clearing the waterway.

PRESENTATION

  • To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:
  1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;
  2. Shows pictures of polluted water;
  3. Pupil’s Activities – Look at pictures of polluted water and describe what they observe.
  4. Arranges for pupils to visit industrial areas and observe the release of effluent waste into the rivers;
  5. Pupil’s Activities – Observe the release of effluent waste into the river.
  6. Guides pupils’ discussion on the various ways the community, industries etc. pollute water;
  7. Pupil’s Activities – Visit industrial areas to observe ways industries pollute  water.
  8. Guides discussion on measures of controlling.
  9. Pupil’s Activities – Participate in the discussion.
  10. Summarize the lesson;
  11. Pupil’s Activities – Note taking.

CONCLUSION

  • To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

LESSON EVALUATION

Pupils to:

  1. describe pollution and list five water pollutants respectively;
  2. identify three sources of water pollution respectively
  3. state three consequences each of water pollution on people and the environment;
  4. suggest three ways of controlling or reducing the risks of water pollution.