Spread of Diseases | Ways by Which Diseases are Spread with Specific Examples and Symptoms Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 8 Physical and Health Education

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION 

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

THIRD TERM

WEEK 6

PRIMARY 4

THEME: PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Meaning and Types of Pathogens | Meaning and Types of Diseases | Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 6 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – SPREAD OF DISEASES 

LEARNING AREA 

1. Introduction

2. Spread of Diseases (Meaning)

3. Ways by Which Diseases are Spread

4. Examples of Diseases Spread by Air, Food, Insect and Body Contact

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. describe the ways diseases spread.

2. give examples of diseases spread by different agents.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Charts

2. Posters

3. Flip charts

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Scheme of Work

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

Course Book – Fitness and Fun, A Physical and Health Education Course for Primary School 4

All Relevant Material

Online Information

Relevant links 

Third Term Scheme of Work and Plan Lesson Note for Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Primary 5 and Primary 6 Links

Scheme of Work Third Term Physical and Health Education Basic 4

CONTENT OF THE LESSON 

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION

Infectious diseases are transmitted from person to person by direct or indirect contact.

Certain types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi can all cause infectious disease.

Malaria, measles, respiratory Illnesses, HIV/AIDS, etc. are examples of infectious diseases.

Diseases are spread through person to person contact, animals around us, insect bites, the food that we eat and water we drink, etc.

WAYS THROUGH WHICH DISEASES ARE SPREAD 

Diseases are spread through the following ways:

1. Air

2. Food

3. Body Contact

4. Insects

5. Water

6. Sex

7. Blood Fluid

LESSON 2 – EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY DIFFERENT AGENTS 

1. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY AIR

Examples of diseases spread by air are as follows:

• Coronavirus and COVID-19

• Common cold

• Influenza

• Chickenpox

• Mumps

• Measles

• Whooping cough (pertussis)

• Tuberculosis

• Diphtheria

SYMPTOMS OF AIR BORNE DISEASES 

The symptoms of air borne diseases are as follows:

• inflammation of your nose, throat, sinuses, or lungs

• coughing

• sneezing

• congestion

• runny nose

• sore throat

• swollen glands

• headache

• body aches

• loss of appetite

• fever

2. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY FOOD 

Examples of diseases spread by food are as follows:

• Dysentery

• Typhoid

• Cholera

• Diarrhoea

• Guinea worm

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES CAUSED BY FOOD

Common symptoms of food poisoning are as follows:

• Upset stomach

• Stomach cramps

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Fever

3. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY BODY CONTACT 

Examples of diseases spread by food are as follows:

• Coronavirus

• Chickenpox

• Cold sores (herpes simplex infection)

• Apollo

• Hand, foot and mouth disease

• Head lice

• Molluscum contagiosum

• Ringworm

• Scabies

• School sores (impetigo)

• Staphylococcus aureus infection

• Warts

• HIV/AIDS

LESSON 3 – EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY DIFFERENT AGENTS 

4. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY BLOOD 

Examples of diseases spread by blood fluid are as follows:

• Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis C

• Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES CAUSED BY BLOOD FLUID 

The symptoms of blood fluid diseases are as follows:

• Unexplained exhaustion

• Shortness of breath

• Dizziness or light-headedness

• Rapid heartbeat

• Muscle weakness

• Difficulty concentrating and remembering

• Paleness

5. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY WATER 

Examples of diseases spread by water are as follows:

• Diarrhea

• Skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems

• Typhoid Fever

• Cholera

• Dysentery

• Hepatitis A

• Polio

• Guinea worm

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES CAUSED BY WATER 

Common symptoms of food diseases are as follows:

• Vomiting

• Skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems

• Chills

• Dehydration

• Dizziness

• Fatigue

• Fever

• Light headedness

• Loss of appetite

• Malaise or sweating

6. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY SEX 

Examples of diseases spread by water are as follows:

• Chlamydia

• Genital herpes

• Gonorrhea

• HIV/AIDS

• HPV

• Pubic lice

• Syphilis

• Trichomoniasis

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES CAUSED BY SEX 

Common symptoms of sex diseases are as follows:

• fever

• recurring pain

• Fatigue

• Memory loss

• Changes to vision or hearing

• Nausea

• Weight loss

• Pain or discomfort during sexual activity or urination

• Sores, bumps, or rashes on or around the private part, testicles, buttocks, thighs, or mouth, etc.

• Unusual discharge or bleeding from the private parts

• Painful or swollen testicles

• Itchiness in or around the private part

• Unexpected periods or bleeding after sexual activity

7. EXAMPLES OF DISEASES SPREAD BY INSECTS 

Examples of diseases spread by insects like mosquitoes, lice, fleas, bed bugs, etc. are as follows:

• Malaria

• Sleeping sickness

• Yellow fever

• Leishmaniasis

• Filariasis, etc.

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES CAUSED BY INSECTS 

Common symptoms of diseases by Insects are as follows:

• Fever

• Chills

• Headache

• Sore muscles

• Skin rash

• Nausea

• Stomach pain

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Teacher organizes pupils in groups or pairs depending on the size of the class.

3. Teacher asks pupils to discuss the reasons why people get sick with appropriate examples.

Pupil’s Activities – State the reasons why people get sick with specific examples in their home or community.

4. Teacher listens to pupil’s discuss and uses their responses to introduce the lesson.

Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction to understand the concept of the lesson.

5. Teacher states the agents that spread diseases.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify some of the agents that spread diseases in their environment.

6. Teacher leads pupils a discuss on the diseases spread by each agent with their symptoms.

Pupil’s Activities – State and analyze diseases spread by different agents in the community.

7. Teacher summarizes the lesson on the board with appropriate lesson evaluation.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson by responding correctly to the lesson evaluation and write as instructed.

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

• Next Lesson – Common Health Signs and Symptoms | Preventive Measures of Disease Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 9 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils to:

1. Explain transmission of diseases.

2. List 4 ways by which diseases are spread.

3. Give one example each from ways diseases are spread.