Comparing Things According to Weight, Size, Height, Distance, Shape and Quality Primary 4 (Basic 4) Second Term Week 2 English Studies

COMPARING THINGS ACCORDING TO THEIR WEIGHT, SIZE, HEIGHT, DISTANCE SHAPE AND QUALITY PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) SECOND TERM WEEK 2 ENGLISH STUDIES

ENGLISH STUDIES

FIRST TERM

WEEK 2

PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) 

THEME – STRUCTURE

TOPIC – DEGREES OF COMPARISON L: POSITIVE, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Positive, Comparative and Superlative

3. Examples of Comparison

4. Making Sentences with Degrees of Comparison

5. Summary and Lesson Evaluation

6. Class Exercise/Homework/Test Questions and Answers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. define positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of comparison.

2. identify positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.

3. differentiate between the three degrees of comparison.

4. use positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives correctly in sentences.

5. compare people, animals, places, and things using the appropriate degree of comparison.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

The pupils already know how to use adjectives to describe objects and people. In this lesson, they will build on that knowledge by learning how to compare people, animals, places, and things using the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of comparison.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Flashcards showing adjectives (e.g. tall, taller, tallest)

2. Charts displaying positive, comparative, and superlative forms

3. Pictures of people, animals, and objects for comparison

4. Real classroom objects (books, pens, rulers, chairs, etc.)

5. Pupils’ notebooks and writing materials

6. Word strips showing examples of comparison sentences

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

LESSON INTRODUCTION

We often describe people, animals, places, and things by using words called adjectives. Sometimes, we need to compare them to show differences or similarities. The forms of adjectives used for comparison are called the degrees of comparison.

There are three degrees of comparison:

1. Positive Degree – It is used to describe one person, animal, place, or thing without making a comparison.

Example: The girl is tall.

2. Comparative Degree – It is used to compare two people, animals, places, or things.

Example: The girl is taller than her sister.

3. Superlative Degree – It is used to compare three or more people, animals, places, or things.

Example: The girl is the tallest in her class.

By learning the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, pupils will be able to describe and compare people, animals, places, and things more accurately in speech and writing.

POSITIVE, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Adjectives can be used to compare people, animals, places, or things.

1. Positive Degree

The positive degree describes one person, animal, place, or thing without making a comparison.

Examples:

• John is tall.

• The bag is heavy.

• This book is good.

2. Comparative Degree

The comparative degree is used to compare two people, animals, places, or things. It is usually followed by than.

Examples:

• John is taller than James.

• This bag is heavier than that one.

• This book is better than that book.

3. Superlative Degree

The superlative degree is used to compare three or more people, animals, places, or things. It usually takes the before it.

Examples:

• John is the tallest boy in the class.

• This is the heaviest bag in the room.

• This is the best book in the library.

EXAMPLES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

1. tall – taller – tallest

2. short – shorter – shortest

3. big – bigger – biggest

4. small – smaller – smallest

5. long – longer – longest

6. fast – faster – fastest

7. heavy – heavier – heaviest

8. Happy – happier – happiest

9. good – better – best

10. bad – worse – worst

MAKING SENTENCES WITH COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

1. LION 

• A lion is strong. (Positive)

• A lion is stronger than a goat. (Comparative)

• A lion is the strongest animal in the zoo. (Superlative)

2. MARY 

• Mary is smart.

• Mary is smarter than Jane.

• Mary is the smartest pupil in the class.

3. BOY 

• The boy is tall.

• The boy is taller than the girl.

• The boy is the tallest in the class.

4. BAG

• The bag is heavy.

• This bag is heavier than that one.

• This bag is the heaviest in the room.

5. BOOK

• The book is big.

• This book is bigger than the other book.

• This is the biggest book in the library.

6. TREASURE

• Treasure is smart.

• Treasure is smarter than Jane.

• Treasure is the smartest pupil in the school.

7. CAR 

• The car is fast.

• The car is faster than the bicycle.

• The car is the fastest in the race.

CLASS EXERCISE/ASSIGNMENT/TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

A. Complete the Sentences: 

Fill in the correct form of the adjective in brackets.

1. John is __________ than Peter. (tall)

2. This bag is __________ than that one. (heavy)

3. Mary is the __________ girl in the class. (smart)

4. The elephant is __________ than the goat. (big)

5. This is the __________ book in the library. (good)

B. Choose the Correct Answer

6. The boy is (tall / taller / tallest).

7. This is the (big / bigger / biggest) house in the street.

8. She is (smart / smarter / smartest) than her sister.

9. The lion is (strong / stronger / strongest) animal in the zoo.

10. This box is (heavy / heavier / heaviest) than that one.

C. Write the Correct Forms

Fill in the table:

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

11. tall  _____  _____

12. big  _____  _____

13. good  _____  _____

14. small  _____  _____

15. fast  _____  _____

D. Make Sentences

Use each word to make three sentences (positive, comparative, superlative):

16. happy

17. short

18. strong

19. beautiful

20. fast

E. Underline the Correct Word

21. Tunde is (tall / taller / tallest) than his brother.

22. This is the (good / better / best) storybook in the class.

23. The goat is (small / smaller / smallest) than the cow.

24. She is the (smart / smarter / smartest) pupil in the school.

25. My house is (big / bigger / biggest) than yours.

ANSWERS

1. John is taller than Peter.

2. This bag is heavier than that one.

3. Mary is the smartest girl in the class.

4. The elephant is bigger than the goat.

5. This is the best book in the library.

6. tall

7. biggest

8. smarter

9. strongest

10. heavier

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

11. tall – taller – tallest

12. big – bigger – biggest

13. good – better – best

14. small – smaller – smallest

15. fast – faster – fastest

16. happy

• She is happy. (Positive)

• She is happier than her friend. (Comparative)

• She is the happiest girl in the class. (Superlative)

17. short

• He is short.

• He is shorter than his brother.

• He is the shortest boy in the school.

18. strong

• The man is strong.

• The man is stronger than his friend.

• He is the strongest man in the village.

19. beautiful

• The girl is beautiful.

• She is more beautiful than her sister.

• She is the most beautiful girl in the school.

20. fast

• The car is fast.

• The car is faster than the bus.

• It is the fastest car in the race.

21. taller

22. best

23. smaller

24. smartest

25. bigger

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher revises adjectives with the pupils by asking them to mention describing words.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils mention adjectives such as tall, short, big, and small.

2. The teacher introduces the topic: Positive, Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Comparison.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen attentively.

3. The teacher explains the Positive Degree using examples:

• The boy is tall.

• The book is big.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils repeat and give similar examples.

4. The teacher explains the Comparative Degree using examples:

• The boy is taller than his brother.

• This book is bigger than that one.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils identify the use of “than” in comparisons.

5. The teacher explains the Superlative Degree using examples:

• The boy is the tallest in the class.

• This is the biggest book in the room.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils repeat and give examples.

6. The teacher compares the three forms side by side using a table:

• tall → taller → tallest

• big → bigger → biggest

• good → better → best

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils read and memorize the forms.

7. The teacher guides pupils to make sentences using the three degrees of comparison.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils construct oral and written sentences.

8. The teacher corrects pupils’ responses and summarizes the lesson.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils answer questions and participate in the summary.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils to,

1. define positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of comparison.

2. identify positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.

3. differentiate between the three degrees of comparison.

4. use positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives correctly in sentences.

5. compare people, animals, places, and things using the appropriate degree of comparison.