Agriculture JSS 3 Curriculum Guides – Produce Packaging and Marketing – Agriculture in Stock Exchange | Records and Book Keeping | Pricing and Advertising | Packaging Criteria | Export Promotion in Agriculture

 

THEME – PRODUCE PACKAGING AND MARKETING 

TOPIC 1 – AGRICULTURE IN STOCK EXCHANGE

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Posters and charts of agricultural stock exchange offers

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain what stock exchange is.

2. list those involved in stock exchange.

3. state the importance of stock exchange to agriculture.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

MEANING OF STOCK

Stock is the art of buying and selling of goods and services available now and in the future.

 

PEOPLE INVOLVED IN STOCK EXCHANGE

The people that involved in agricultural stock exchange are as follows – buyers, sellers, buyers and sellers, farmers agents and stock brokers.

 

1. BUYERS 

Buyers are the general public who are willing to buy securities.

 

2. SELLERS 

Sellers are the general public who are willing to sell their securities to interested and willing buyers.

 

3. BUYERS AND SELLERS 

Buyers and sellers buy securities through brokers and sell at higher prices.

 

4. FARMERS AGENT OR JOBBER 

Farmers agent buy securities when the price is low and resell at high price later in the future.

 

5. STOCK BROKERS 

Stock brokers are stock agents or representatives acting on behalf of general public who are interesting in buying or selling securities.

 

IMPORTANCE (BENEFITS) OF STOCK EXCHANGE IN AGRICULTURE

1. It encourages investment in agriculture.

2. It encourages contract farming.

3. It ensures wealth redistribution among farmers and interest investors.

4. It generates revenue for the government in form of tax.

5. It increases the quality of agricultural productivity.

6. It creates job opportunities for the brokers.

7. It encourages the use of modern agricultural equipment and implement.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides classroom discussion on stock exchange in agriculture.

2. invites guest speaker from agricultural stock exchange.

3. Summarizes the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate actively in the class discussion on agriculture in stock exchange.

2. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain stock exchange practice in agriculture.

2. mention people involved in stock exchange.

3. mention 2 benefits of stock exchange in agriculture.

 

 

THEME – PRODUCE PACKAGING AND MARKETING 

TOPIC 2 – RECORDS AND BOOK KEEPING

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Specimens of farm records

2. Charts and pictures of various types of journals.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain what farm records are.

2. state the importance of farm records in agriculture.

3. list and explain the types of farm records.

4. describe the computer aided farm records and its benefits.

5. state what book keeping mean.

6. identify source documents.

7. prepare journal from source document.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

DEFINITION OF FARM RECORDS

A farm record is a document (in most cases a book) that is used to keep account of different activities, events, materials etc. regarding the farm operations.

Most Nigerian and African farmers don’t keep farm records and accounts, so they have poor farm management.

Mainly, it is influenced by the fact that most of the farmers in Nigeria are illiterates and can hardly read or write.

 

 

USE OF FARM RECORDS

Farm Records are used to monitor the progress of the business such as:

1. Total purchase and supply.

2. Profit and loss

3. Worker’s salary

4. Cash at hand and in bank

5. Utilities

6. Taxes

7. Transportation

 

TYPES AND USES OF FARM RECORDS

There are different types of farm records a farmer should keep to run a successful farm business,

1. farm diary

2. farm inventory

3. input records

4. production records

5. consumption records

6. sales records

7. profit and loss account.

 

 

COMPUTER AIDED FARM RECORDS AND ITS BENEFITS

Computer aided farm records are software programs or applications designed for the collection of data about different activities, events, materials, etc. regarding the farm operations.

The benefits provided by computer aided Farm records are as follows:

1. It saves time.

2. It improves the quality in agricultural productivity.

3. It improves accuracy.

4. It is easy to understand.

5. It manages the farm records effectively.

 

DEFINITION OF BOOK-KEEPING

Book Keeping is the keeping account of financial activity of the farmers.

 

SOURCE OF DOCUMENTS

1. Sales invoice

2. Purchase invoice

3. Returns inwards

4. Returns outwards.

 

JOURNAL PREPARATION 

1. Sales journal.

2. Purchase journal, etc.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. displays different types of farm records.

2. invites a farm manager to explain more on the uses of farm records.

3. develops charts of journals.

4. facilitates discussion on how to prepare journals.

5. summarizes the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate actively in the class discussion on computer aided record and its benefits.

2. study charts of journal and practice preparation of journal as a form of book keeping.

3. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. define farm records.

2. write short essay on computer aided farm records and its benefits.

3. match the farm records with the uses.

4. state the meaning of book keeping in agriculture.

5. state 3 source document.

6. prepare journal using sales and purchase invoice documents.

 

 

THEME – PRODUCE PACKAGING AND MARKETING 

TOPIC 3 – PRICING AND ADVERTISING

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Charts of sellers and buyers in the market place.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define pricing.

2. mention factors which determine the price of agricultural produce

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

MEANING OF PRICING

Pricing is the act of determining the value of a good at the market or service to be render.

It determines how much to be paid for goods or services rendered.

 

PRICE DETERMINANTS

1. Cost of production

2. Quality of produce

3. Quantity of produce

4. Forces of demand and supply

5. Market prices

6. Seasonal produce

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher facilitates class discussion on composition of produce prices.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students describe what the price is composed of.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain what pricing is all about.

2. list 5 factors which influence the price of farm produce.

 

 

THEME – PRODUCE PACKAGING AND MARKETING 

TOPIC 4 – PACKAGING CRITERIA

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Samples of locally available packaging items, e.g. egg trays, perforated boxes, palm frond cages, etc.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify what influences the choice of materials to use in packaging farm produce for sale.

2. give examples of some types of packaging materials in agriculture.

3. state reasons for packaging materials for agricultural products.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

MEANING OF PACKAGING

Packaging farm produce is the wrapping of farm produce with suitable materials to protect for easy distribution, storage, sale or personal use.

 

PACKAGING MATERIALS 

Materials used for packaging farm produce are,

1. Baskets

2. Cages – life animals

3. Trays

4. Creates

5. Sacks

6. Bags

7. Boxes

8. Polythene bags

9. Plastic containers

 

PACKAGING CRITERIA

1. The nature of the produce (liquid or solid and shape).

2. The size of the product (Bulkiness).

3. Live or frozen or dry stock.

4. Distance to or from market.

 

 

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHOICE OF MATERIALS FOR PACKAGING FARM PRODUCTS

1. Nature of output – fresh, dry, life, soft, hard, etc.

2. Size – pieces, bulk, etc.

3. Life farm produce

4. Liquid – Groundnut, palm wine, palm oil, etc.

5. Aquatic products – fish, crab, crayfish, etc.

 

REASONS FOR PACKAGING FARM PRODUCE

1. Personal or commercial use.

2. To prevent the food from contamination.

3. To prevent physical damage.

4. To increase sales.

5. To retain the original shape and texture.

6. To maintain freshness of the food.

7. To increase shelf life of the food.

8. To prevent waste.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides class discussion of the variety of packaging materials in use in agriculture.

2. guides discussion on what influences choice of materials for packaging farm produce.

3. summarizes the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. partake in providing information on packaging items they have seen before.

2. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. state why some packaging items cannot be used for all farm produce.

2. list 4 examples of local packaging items.

 

 

THEME – PRODUCE PACKAGING AND MARKETING 

TOPIC 5 – EXPORT PROMOTION IN AGRICULTURE

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Posters and charts on export promotion

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain what export promotion is.

2. identify Nigerian export produce.

3. state the importance of export promotion.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

MEANING OF EXPORT PROMOTION

Export promotion is the export activity that encourage and increase the sales of nigerian produce in other countries.

Examples of nigerian export produce:

1. Cocoa

2. Palm produce

3. Hides and skins

4. Cassava crop

5. Groundnut

6. Pepper, etc.

 

BENEFITS OF EXPORT PROMOTION

1. It attracts foreign money (exchange).

2. It serves as additional market outlet to farmers to earn income.

3. It encourages farmers to increase the production of farm products.

4. It strengthens the local currency.

5. It reduces trade deficit.

6. It strengthens foreign collaboration.

7. It creates employment opportunities.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. participate in class discussion on export produce.

2. copy board summary.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate actively in the class discussion on export produce.

2. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain the meaning of export promotion.

2. list 5 Nigerian export produce.

3. mention 2 benefits of export promotion to agriculture.