Animal Husbandry SS 2 Curriculum Guides – Range and Pasture Management (Livestock Ration, Characteristics, Methods and Importance Rangeland and Pasture Management Practices)

 

THEME – RANGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT

TOPIC 1 – LIVESTOCK RATION 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Provision of ingredients for ration formulation – blood meal, fish meal, cotton seed, bone meal, olyster shell meal, groundnut cake, palm kennel cake, maize grain.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning of balanced ration.

2. distinguished between production and maintenance rations.

3. list causes and symptoms of malnutrition.

4. enumerate practical measures to check malnutrition in farm animals.

5. formulates livestock rations.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of Livestock Ration 

Livestock ration is the quality or quantity of f feeds given to an animal in a day.

 

2. Types of Livestock Ration

A. Balanced Ration 

Balanced ration is the amount of feeds containing adequate nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins given to livestock.

 

B. Maintenance Ration 

Maintenance ration is the minimum amount of feeds required to keep the animal healthy and alive.

 

C. Production Ration 

Production ration is the amount of feeds given to livestock such as cattle, poultry, etc. to produce enough meat, egg and milk.

 

D. Malnutrition Ration 

Malnutrition ration is the amount of feeds without adequate nutrients given to livestock in a day.

 

3. Formulation of Livestock Rations

A formulation ration is a systematic approach that helps in balancing ration.

This is done by correlating the animal sex, size and production level with the available nutritional feeds.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. lists out nutrients that constitute the various types of ration.

2. exposes students to various methods of ration formulation.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. explain the meaning of balanced ration.

2. state the differences between maintenance and production rations.

3. enumerate symptoms of malnutrition in farm animals.

4. mention at least five measures of checking malnutrition.

5. formulate livestock rations.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. provide ingredients for ration formulation.

2. identify symptoms of malnutrition in farm animals.

3. practice formulation of livestock rations.

 

 

 

THEME – RANGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT

TOPIC 2 – CHARACTERISTICS, METHODS AND IMPORTANCE OF RANGELAND

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Samples of rangeland crops

2. Charts showing characteristics of rangeland

3. Films showing pasture lands

4. Pictures of rangelands

5. Films showing rangelands

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able,

1. outline the basic characteristic of rangelands

2. explain the various methods used in rangeland improvement

3. outline the importance of rangelands to livestock production.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of Rangeland

Rangeland is an uncultivated grassland or grass like plants suitable for animals grazing.

The land is covered by grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, wetlands, and deserts that are grazed by domestic livestock or wild animals.

 

2. Characteristics of RangeLand

• High quality grasses and legumes.

• Contains plant shades and dew needs.

• Can withstand trampling by farm animals.

• Has higher regeneration ability.

• Burning activity stimulates growth.

 

3. Methods of Rangeland Improvement

• Reseeding

• Padlocking

• Controlled stocking

• Avoidance of overgrazing

• Fertilizer application

• Pest control

• Controlled burning

 

4. Importance of Rangeland

• Provision of vegetables and grasses for animals.

• Enabling animals to exercise their body.

• Prevention of erosion.

• Reduces cost of feeding animals.

• Provision of silage or hay, etc.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. displays charts showing characteristics of rangelands.

2. conducts excursion to rangelands.

3. shows films of rangelands.

4. displays pictures of rangelands.

5. guides the students to the pasture area of school land.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. go on excursion to rangeland.

2. observe charts and watch films showing rangelands.

3. observe 0major features of the pasture area of school land.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. state the characteristics of rangeland.

2. enumerate the various method of improving rangelands.

3. list five importance of rangeland.

 

 

THEME – RANGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT

TOPIC 3 – PASTURE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Pasture and forage crops.

2. Maps showing pasture and rangelands.

3. Films showing pasture and rangelands.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. distinguish between pasture and forage crops.

2. identify some pasture and forage crops.

3. state the types of pasture crops.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning and Types of Pasture and Forage Crops

Pasture is a piece of land containing grasses or legumes used for animals grazing.

Forage crops are plants or parts of plants grow and eaten by livestock.

 

2. Types of Pasture

A. Natural Pasture

Nature pasture are plants such grasses or legumes not grow by man.

They are also known as primary vegetation.

 

B. Artificial Pasture

Artificial pasture are plants deliberately plant and grow by man.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. provides and explain different pasture and forage crops.

2. conducts excursion to range lands.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students build album of pasture and forage crops.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. distinguish between pasture and forage crops.

2. identify some pasture and forage crops.

3. mention the types of pasture crops.