Aural Discrimination: Consonant Sounds /t/ and /ð/ Primary 4 (Basic 4) Second Term/Third Term Week 8 English Studies

AURAL DISCRIMINATION: CONSONANT SOUNDS /t/ and /ð/ Primary 4 (Basic 4) SECOND TERM WEEK 8 AND THIRD TERM WEEK 8 ENGLISH STUDIES

ENGLISH STUDIES

SECOND TERM WEEK 8

THIRD TERM WEEK 8

PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) 

THEME – SPEECH WORK 

TOPIC – CONSONANT SOUNDS /t/ and /ð/ 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. The Consonant Sounds /t/ and /ð/

3. Making Sentences with the Consonant Sounds /t/ and /ð/

4. Minimal Pairs

5. Pronunciation Practice and Oral Drills

6. Summary and Lesson Evaluation

7. Test Questions and Answers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. identify the consonant sounds /t/ and /ð/.

2. pronounce the sounds correctly.

3. distinguish between words containing /t/ and /ð/.

4. listen carefully and identify the sound heard in words.

5. use words containing the sounds in sentences.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

The pupils already know that different letters and letter combinations produce different sounds. In this lesson, they will learn to hear and pronounce the consonant sounds /t/ and /ð/ correctly.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Flashcards containing words with /t/ and /ð/

2. Charts showing the sounds and example words

3. English Language textbook

4. Audio recordings (if available)

5. Pupils’ notebooks and writing materials

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Aural discrimination is the ability to hear the difference between sounds in spoken words.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the difference between:

• /t/ as in top, ten, table

• /ð/ as in this, that, these

THE CONSONANT SOUNDS /t/

The sound /t/ is produced by placing the tip of the tongue behind the upper front teeth and releasing air suddenly.

Examples

• top

• ten

• table

• tea

• toy

• teacher

• tomato

• time

Making Sentences with Consonant Sound /t/

• The teacher is teaching.

• I drank a cup of tea.

• The toy belongs to me.

THE CONSONANT SOUNDS /ð/

The sound /ð/ is produced by placing the tongue lightly between the teeth and allowing the voice to vibrate.

Examples

• this

• that

• these

• those

• they

• them

• father

• mother

Making Sentences with Consonant Sounds /ð/

• This is my book.

• Those are my friends.

• My mother is a nurse.

MINIMAL PAIRS

Listen carefully and identify the different sounds in each pair of words.

/t/ Sound – /ð/ Sound

• tin – then

• tick – this

• taught – though

• tank – than

• team – them

• tie – thy

• tear – there

• tent – then

• toast – those

• taught – that

• tip – this

• town – thou

• toy – those

• tea – these

• tame – them

PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE

/t/ words:

• tea

• toy

• table

• top

• teacher

/ð/ words:

• this

• that

• these

• those

• them

ORAL DRILL

Teacher says one word, and pupils identify the sound:

• this

• toy

• those

• table

• them

• tea

• that

• teacher

• these

• top

ANSWERS

• /ð/

• /t/

• /ð/

• /t/

• /ð/

• /t/

• /ð/

• /t/

• /ð/

• /t/

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher introduces the lesson by pronouncing the sounds /t/ and /ð/ several times.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen carefully and repeat the sounds after the teacher.

2. The teacher explains how each sound is produced.

• /t/ – The tip of the tongue touches the ridge behind the upper front teeth and releases air suddenly.

• /ð/ – The tongue is placed lightly between the teeth, and the voice vibrates.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils observe the teacher’s mouth movements and practise producing the sounds.

3. The teacher presents words containing the sound /t/. For examples: top, toy, tea, table, teacher, tomato.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils repeat the words and identify the /t/ sound.

4. The teacher presents words containing the sound /ð/. For examples: this, that, these, those, them, father, mother.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils repeat the words and identify the /ð/ sound.

5. The teacher reads words containing both sounds in random order. For examples: top, this, toy, those, tea, them, table, that.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen and indicate whether they hear /t/ or /ð/.

6. The teacher drills pupils with minimal pairs and contrasting words. For examples: tea–these, toy–those, ten–them.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils pronounce the words and distinguish between the sounds.

7. The teacher guides pupils to use words containing /t/ and /ð/ in simple sentences.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils make oral and written sentences. For examples:

• The teacher is teaching us.

• This is my pencil.

8. The teacher gives listening and pronunciation exercises.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils identify, pronounce, and write words containing the target sounds.

9. The teacher summarizes the lesson and corrects pronunciation errors.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils participate in the summary and repeat the sounds correctly.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

LESSON EVALUATION 

Note: The teacher should randomly select the questions for the lesson evaluation.

Teacher asks pupils,

A. Say the Following Words Aloud

/t/ Sound 

1. top

2. toy

3. tea

4. teacher

5. table

/ð/ Sound 

6. this

7. that

8. these

9. those

10. them

B. Circle the Word with the Sound /t/

11. top – those

12. this – tea

13. them – toy

14. table – these

15. father – tomato

C. Circle the Word with the Sound /ð/

16. toy – those

17. tea – these

18. table – that

19. top – them

20. teacher – those

D. Write /t/ or /ð/

21. this _____

22. toy _____

23. those _____

24. tea _____

25. them _____

26. table _____

27. that _____

28. teacher _____

E. Complete the Sentences, Use the words: this, those, toy, tea, them

29. ______ is my book.

30. I like to drink ______ in the morning.

31. The boy has a new ______.

32. ______ are my classmates.

33. Give the books to ______.

F. Answer the Questions

34. Mention three words that contain the sound /t/.

35. Mention three words that contain the sound /ð/.

36. How is the sound /t/ different from /ð/?

37. Use toy in a sentence.

38. Use this in a sentence.

ANSWERS

11. top

12. tea

13. toy

14. table

15. tomato

16. those

17. these

18. that

19. them

20. those

21. /ð/

22. /t/

23. /ð/

24. /t/

25. /ð/

26. /t/

26. /ð/

28. /t/

29. This

30. tea

31. toy

32. Those

33. them

34. top, tea, toy

35. this, that, those

36. /t/ is produced without voice, while /ð/ is produced with the tongue between the teeth and with voice.

37. I bought a new toy.

38. This is my school bag.