Using Links Words: Such as Although, Even Though, Because, Whereas, But, So, etc. Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 1 English Studies

USING LINKING WORDS: SUCH AS ALTHOUGH, EVEN, THOUGH, BECAUSE, WHEREAS, BUT, SO, ETC. PRIMARY 5 (BASIC 5) THIRD TERM WEEK 1 ENGLISH STUDIES

ENGLISH STUDIES

THIRD TERM

WEEK 1

PRIMARY 5 (BASIC 5) 

THEME – STRUCTURE 

TOPIC – USING LINKING WORDS 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Functions of Linking Words

3. Examples of Linking Words

4. Class Activities/Homework

5. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of linking words.

2. Identify common linking words in sentences.

3. Use linking words correctly in speech and writing.

4. Join simple sentences using linking words.

5. Construct meaningful sentences with linking words.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils already know how to make simple sentences. This lesson helps them connect ideas using linking words.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Sentence charts

2. Whiteboard and marker/chalkboard and chalk

3. English textbook

4. Flashcards containing linking words

5. Pupils’ notebooks

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION 

Linking words are words used to connect ideas, words, phrases, or sentences. They help our writing and speaking flow smoothly and make our meaning clearer.

Linking words are also called conjunctions because they help to join words, phrases, and sentences together.

Without linking words, sentences may sound short and disconnected. Linking words help us show relationships between ideas such as addition, contrast, reason, result, time, and sequence.

Functions of Linking Words

• and – joins similar ideas or adds information.

• but – shows contrast or difference between ideas.

• because – gives a reason for something.

• so – shows a result or consequence.

• before – shows that one action happens earlier than another.

• after – shows that one action happens later than another.

• then – shows sequence or the next action.

• when – shows the time an action happens.

• while – shows two actions happening at the same time.

• although – shows contrast between two ideas.

• also – adds extra information.

• therefore – shows a conclusion or result.

• finally – shows the last event or action in a sequence.

• since – gives a reason or shows a starting point in time.

• yet – shows contrast or something surprising despite a situation.

Examples of Linking Words

• and – Ayo likes football and basketball.

• but – She is tired but happy.

• because – I stayed at home because I was sick.

• so – It was raining, so we stayed indoors.

• before – Pray before sleeping.

• after – We played after school.

• then – Eat your food, then wash your plate.

• when – I smiled when I saw my friend.

• while – She read while her brother slept.

• although – Although he was sick, he came to school.

• also – She is clever and also hardworking.

• therefore – He studied hard; therefore, he passed.

• finally – Finally, the match

IMPORTANCE OF LINKING WORDS

Linking words help pupils to:

• Join sentences correctly.

• Express ideas clearly.

• Improve speaking and writing skills.

• Make compositions more interesting and meaningful.

In this lesson, pupils will learn how to identify and use linking words correctly in sentences

CLASSWORK/ASSIGNMENT/TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words.

1. Ayo likes football ______ basketball.

2. She was tired ______ she finished her homework.

3. I stayed at home ______ I was sick.

4. It was raining, ______ we stayed indoors.

5. Wash your hands ______ eating.

6. We played ______ school.

7. Finish your work, ______ submit it.

8. I was happy ______ I received the gift.

9. She was reading ______ her brother was sleeping.

10. ______ he was ill, he came to school.

B. Join the sentences using the linking word in brackets.

11. Mary is intelligent. Mary is hardworking. (and)

12. Tunde is small. Tunde is strong. (but)

13. I went home. It was late. (because)

14. The bell rang. The pupils entered the classroom. (when)

15. We ate our food. We washed our plates. (after)

C. State the function of each linking word.

16. and – ____________

17. because – ____________

18. before – ____________

19. therefore – ____________

20. yet – ____________

ANSWERS

1. and

2. but

3. because

4. so

5. before

6. after

7. then

8. when

9. while

10. Although

11. Mary is intelligent and hardworking.

12. Tunde is small but strong.

13. I went home because it was late.

14. The pupils entered the classroom when the bell rang.

15. We washed our plates after we ate our food.

16. Joins similar ideas or adds information.

17. Gives a reason.

18. Shows earlier time.

19. Shows a result or conclusion.

20. Shows contrast.

SUMMARY

Linking words are words used to join ideas, words, phrases, or sentences together. They help our writing and speech flow smoothly and make our meaning clearer. Pupils learned that linking words are used to connect ideas and sentences. Examples include and, but, because, so, before, and after. They make writing clearer and more meaningful.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher introduces the lesson by writing two simple sentences on the board:

• Ayo likes football.

• Ayo likes basketball.

The teacher asks pupils how the two sentences can be joined.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils suggest answers.

2. The teacher introduces the term linking words and explains that they are used to connect words, phrases, and sentences.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen attentively.

3. The teacher lists common linking words on the board:

• and

• but

• because

• so

• before

• after

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils read the words aloud.

4. The teacher demonstrates the use of and.

Example: Ayo likes football and basketball.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils make similar sentences.

5. The teacher demonstrates the use of but.

Example: She is small but strong.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils construct sentences using but.

6. The teacher demonstrates the use of because and so.

Examples:

• I stayed at home because I was sick.

• It was raining, so we stayed indoors.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils identify the reasons and results in the sentences.

7. The teacher demonstrates the use of before and after.

Examples:

• Pray before sleeping.

• We played after school.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils make their own examples.

8. The teacher guides pupils to join pairs of simple sentences using suitable linking words.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils join the sentences correctly.

9. The teacher writes exercises on the board and asks pupils to complete them using appropriate linking words.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils complete the exercises in their notebooks.

10. The teacher summarizes the lesson by revising the meaning and uses of linking words.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils participate in the summary and answer oral questions.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What are linking words?

2. Mention five linking words.

3. Use and in a sentence.

4. Use because in a sentence.

5. Use but in a sentence.