Agriculture – Primary 6 Weekly Short Class Lesson Notes for Second Term

WEEK 8 – PRESERVATION OF FRUIT CROPS

FRUIT CROPS IN NIGERIA

Fruit crops include orange, mango, pineapple, banana, pawpaw (papaya), guava, and watermelon.

 

METHODS OF PRESERVING FRUIT CROPS IN NIGERIA

1. Refrigeration – Fruits are kept in a refrigerator. Cold temperature slows down spoilage. For examples: Orange, apple, pineapple.

2. Drying – Fruits are sliced and dried under the sun or air. It removes moisture and prevents rotting. For examples: Mango, banana, pineapple.

3. Bottling – Fruit juice is stored in clean, airtight bottles. It helps juice last longer.  For examples: Orange juice, pineapple juice.

4. Canning – Fruits are stored in sealed cans. It keeps fruits for a long time. For examples: Pineapple, peach.

5. Processing into Juice – Fruits are squeezed or blended to make juice. Juice can be preserved by refrigeration or bottling. For examples: Orange, watermelon, pineapple.

6. Making Jam or Marmalade – Fruits are cooked with sugar. Sugar prevents spoilage. For examples: Orange, mango, pineapple.

 

PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION: HOW TO PRESERVE FRUIT CROPS

1. Refrigeration Method

Materials Needed: Fresh fruits, clean container, refrigerator.

Steps:

Step 1. Wash the fruits properly.

Step 2. Put them in a clean container.

Step 3. Place them in the refrigerator.

Result: Fruits stay fresh for a longer time.

 

2. Drying Method

Materials Needed: Banana, knife, tray, sunlight.

Steps:

Step 1. Wash and peel the fruit.

Step 2. Slice into thin pieces.

Step 3. Spread on a clean tray.

Step 4. Dry under the sun for several days.

Result: Dried fruits can be stored for a long time.

 

PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION: PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF FRUIT JUICES

1. Orange Juice

Materials Needed: Oranges, knife, bowl, strainer, clean bottle.

Steps:

Step 1. Wash the oranges.

Step 2. Cut and squeeze out the juice.

Step 3. Strain to remove seeds.

Step 4. Pour into a clean bottle.

 

2. Pineapple Juice

Materials Needed: Pineapple, knife, blender, strainer, bottle.

Steps:

Step 1. Peel and cut pineapple into pieces.

Step 2. Blend with a little water.

Step 3. Strain the juice.

Step 4. Store in a clean bottle.

 

3. Watermelon Juice

Materials Needed: Watermelon, knife, blender, strainer.

Steps:

1. Cut watermelon into pieces.

2. Remove seeds.

3. Blend and strain.

 

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 

INSTRUCTION – Choose the correct answer from the options A – D. 

1. Which of the following is a fruit crop?

A. Yam

B. Mango

C. Rice

D. Cassava

 

2. Keeping fruits in a refrigerator helps to ______.

A. spoil them faster

B. keep them fresh

C. dry them

D. cook them

 

3. Which method removes water from fruits to preserve them?

A. Refrigeration

B. Bottling

C. Drying

D. Canning

 

4. Which of these fruits can be used to make juice?

A. Maize

B. Beans

C. Yam

D. Orange

 

5. Sugar is added when making jam to ______.

A. prevent spoilage

B. increase spoilage

C. damage the fruit

D. dry the fruit

 

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 

6. Mention two examples of fruit crops grown in Nigeria.

7. What is drying of fruits?

8. Why should fruit juice be stored in a refrigerator?

9. Name one fruit that can be dried.

10. Mention one hygienic practice when producing fruit juice.

 

FILL IN THE GAP 

11. Orange, mango, and pineapple are examples of ______ crops.

12. Cutting fruits into slices and drying them under the sun is called ______.

13. Fruit juice is stored in clean, airtight ______.

14. Cooking fruits with sugar produces ______.

15. Before making fruit juice, fruits should be properly ______.

 

ANSWER KEY

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A

6. Orange and mango/Pineapple and banana.

7. Drying is the removal of water from fruits to make them last longer.

8. To keep it fresh and prevent spoilage.

9. Banana/Mango/Pineapple.

10. Washing fruits and utensils properly.

11. Fruit

12. Drying

13. Bottles

14. Jam / Marmalade

15. Washed