Business Studies JSS 1 Curriculum Guides – Introduction to Commerce, Division of Commerce, Occupation, Production, Factors of Production, Honesty in Business and Ethics in Sourcing Chemicals

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 1 – INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCE

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts

2. Photographs of transport and traders, insurance, communication.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define commerce.

2. list the importance of commerce.

3. list the activities which aids commerce.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of Commerce

Commerce is  the art of buying and selling of goods and services in both local and international markets mainly on large scale.

 

2. Importance of Commerce

• It brings the producers and the potential consumers together.

• It creates more job opportunities at local and international markets.

• It increases the GDP of the nations that are involved.

• It leads to growth and development of local industries.

• It strengthens the international relations.

• It brings about balance of trade.

• It makes raw materials available to the local and international manufacturers.

 

2. Activities that Aid Commerce

• Banking

• Transportation

• Communication

• Insurance

• Advertising

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. explains commerce as trade and aids to trade.

2. leads discussion on different aids to commerce.

3. explains the importance of these aids to commercial activities.

4. uses a chart to explain trade and aids to trade.

5. arranges to visit one aid to commerce.

6. writes notes on the chalkboard for the students to copy.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. give definition of commerce.

2. define trade.

3. explain the different aids to trade which constitute commercial activities.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. define commerce.

2. explain the importance of commerce.

3. list three different activities which aid commerce.

 

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 2 – DIVISIONS OF COMMERCE

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts showing diagrams of commerce

2. Photographs of train, ship, lorry, airplane, warehouse, etc.

3. Advertisement slogans on cardboards, from magazines, newspapers and bill boards

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. classify commerce.

2. differentiate between home and foreign trades.

3. explain import and export trade.

4. list products involved in home trade.

5. list products involved in foreign trade.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Division of Commerce

 

 

1. Home Trade – wholesale and retail

Home trade is the art of buying and selling with a country.

This kind of trading can be buying in bulk (wholesale) or pieces (retail).

 

2. Foreign trade – import and export

Foreign trade is the art of buying and selling between two or more countries.

This kind of trading can be buying from other countries (import trade) or selling to other countries (export trade)

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. explains the divisions of commerce.

2. draws a diagram showing divisions of commerce.

3. leads students to metion products involved in home and foreign trade.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. state divisions of commerce.

2. draw the diagram showing divisions of commerce in their notebook.

3. copy notes from the chalkboard into their notebook.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. draw a diagram to show the divisions of commerce.

2. State two differences between home and foreign trade.

3. list five products involved in home trade and foreign trade.

 

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 3 – TYPES OF OCCUPATION

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts showing the different divisions of occupation

2. Photographs of people in different occupation

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define occupation.

2. explain the different types of occupation.

3. list factors which affect occupation.

4. differentiate between direct and indirect services.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Meaning and Types of Occupation

Occupation is a mean of earning a living.

There are three (3) types of occupations,

1. Primary or Extractive Occupation

Primary or extraction occupation is the occupation that involves extracting raw materials in their natural form.

 

2. Secondary or Industrial Occupation

Secondary or industrial occupation is the occupation that involves transforming or changing the raw materials extract into semi – finished or finished goods.

Semi – finished can be further changed into finished goods. While finished doesn’t require any further processing.

Finished goods possess utility.

Utility is the ability of any commodity or goods to satisfy consumer’s wants or needs.

 

3. Tertiary or Commercial Occupation

Tertiary or commercial occupation is the occupation that involves buying and selling of goods from products both primary and secondary occupation.

 

4. Service Occupation

Service occupation is the service rendered during processing, manufacturing and delivering of goods.

There are two (2) types of service, direct and indirect services.

Direct Service is the service rendered to those who have the ability to pay. While indirect service is the service rendered and get pay through tax.

 

Factors Which Affect or Determine the Choice of Occupation 

1. Wages and Salaries

2. Skills and qualifications

3. Experience

4. Technology know how

5. Risk and hazard

6. Religious beliefs

7. Government policy

8. Distance

9. Climatic conditions

10. Job incentives

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. explains the meaning of occupation.

2. gives different categories of occupation.

3. lists factors which affect choice of occupation.

4. draws a diagram on the chalk board to illustrate divisions of occupation.

5. gives the students a note on the chalkboard to be copied.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. enumerate different occupation.

2. state reasons for choice of occupation.

3. copy the diagram and notes in their notebooks.

4. go on excursion to nearby business organizations.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. define occupation.

2. list four types of occupation.

3. list three factors of occupation.

4. differentiate between direct and indirect services giving examples in each case.

 

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 4 – MEANING AND TYPES OF PRODUCTION 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts showing types of production

2. Newspaper cuttings of the environment/society

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define production.

2. explain types of production.

3. state the effects of production on environment and society.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Meaning of Production

Production is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods.

 

Types of Production 

1. Industry

Industry is the economic activities that involves extraction of raw materials, manufacturing and construction.

A. Primary production is the extraction stage of production.

It is the process of obtaining raw materials from the air, land, and water, e.g. agriculture, mining, fishing, quarrying, etc.

 

B. Secondary production is the manufacturing stage of production that involves changing of raw materials into finished goods.

 

C. Tertiary production

Tertiary production is the final stage of production that involves the commercial such as wholesalers, retailers, transporters, etc. and professional services such as teachers, doctors, hairdressers, soldiers, policemen, lawyers, musicians, etc.

 

2. Commerce

Commerce is the art of buying and selling of goods and rendering services at both home and foreign countries.

Commerce is divided into trade and aids to trade.

 

Aids to trade is the economic activities that make trading easy and possible.

For example,

• Banking

• Insurance

• Transportation

• Advertising

• Communication

• Ecommerce

• Tourism

 

3. Services

Services are the economic activities that are rendered during processing, manufacturing and delivering of goods.

There are two (2) types of service, direct and indirect services.

Direct Service is the service rendered to those who have the ability to pay. While indirect service is the service rendered and get pay through tax.

 

Effects of Production on the Environment/Society 

1. Positive Effects

• Employment opportunities

• Increase national GDP

• Increase in standard of living

• Availability of goods and services

• Increase in per capital income

• Rapid growth and development, etc.

 

2. Negative Effects

• Erosion

• Pollution

• Deforestation

• Weaken the ozone layer

• Global warming

• Flood

• Destruction of ecosystem

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. illustrates on a chart showing types of production.

2. leads discussion on the effects of production on the environment/society.

3. arranges a visit to a carpentry shop, a hair salon and a garden.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. identify types of production with examples.

2. mention the hazards of production on environment and society (environmental pollution).

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. define production.

2. identify types of production.

3. state two effects of production on the environment/society.

 

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 5 – FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts showing factors of production

2. Pictures of a business concern

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. list the factors of production.

2. state the features of each factor of production.

3. mention the importance of each factor of production in business.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Factors of Production

Factors of production are both human and resources that are directed or used during production of goods and services.

The factors of prevention are as follows:

1. Land

2. Labour

3. Capital

4. Entrepreneur

For more details, visit – Factors of Production

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. leads discussion on factors of production giving examples.

2. writes short notes on factors of production.

3. gives assignment on factors of production required to set up any business.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. mention the factors of production.

2. copy notes on factors of production.

3. carryout the assignment and submit.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. mention four factors of production.

2. identify the features of four factors of production.

3. explain the importance of four factors of production.

 

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 6 – ETHICS IN SOURCING CHEMICALS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Magazines

2. Pictures

3. Textbooks

4. Charts

5. Posters

6. Video clips

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning of Ethics.

2. mention the ethics guiding sourcing of chemicals.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of Ethics

Ethics can be defined as an accepted beliefs or standards that control behaviors and the use of products.

 

2. Ethics of Sourcing Chemicals

• Buying from authorized and licensed chemical vendors

• Good handling techniques

• Good packaging and distribution

• Proper disposal

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. leads discussion on the ethics of sourcing chemicals.

2. explains the importance/advantages of observing ethics in the use of chemicals.

3. guides students to identify the best practices in sourcing of chemicals.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate in discussing meaning and ethics guiding sourcing of chemicals.

2. copy short notes from the board.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain the meaning of ethics.

2. state 3 ethics guiding sourcing of chemicals.

 

 

THEME – COMMERCE, THE HEART BUSINESS (ACTIVITIES THAT AIDS COMMERCE) 

TOPIC 7 – HONESTY IN BUSINESS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Magazines

2. Film shows

3. Books

4. Instructional materials, e.g. religious publications, etc.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning of truthfulness.

2. state the attributes of truthfulness.

3. outline factors that cause people to lie.

4. mention the rewards of being truthful.

5. describe the consequences of not being truthful.

6. explain the meaning of fair play.

7. describe the attributes involved in fair play.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Meaning of Truthfulness

Truthfulness is the act of telling or speaking the truth.

 

Attributes of Truthfulness 

1. Consistent behaviour

2. Steadfastness

3. Straight forward

 

Factors that Cause People to Lie 

1. To avoid being punished.

2. To protect another person from being punished.

3. To avoid embarrassment.

4. To impress people.

5. To keep certain information privacy.

 

Rewards for Being Truthful 

1. Promotion

2. Recommendation

3. Gift

4. Trust

5. Confident

 

Consequences of not Being Truthful

1. Destroy of relationships.

2. Lack of trust.

3. Embarrassment

4. Shame

5. Loneliness

6. Guiltiness

7. Lack of peace of mind

8. Fearfulness  or Frightened

 

Meaning of Fair play

Fair play is the application of business strategy, skills, knowledge and experience in dealing with other people in business or organization.

It is game in business that involves celebrating your victory and accepting your defect.

 

Attributes of Fair Play 

1. Equity

2. Openness

3. Impartiality

4. Reality

5. Patience

6. Tolerance

7. Respect for others

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. asks students to explain truthfulness.

2. asks learners to enumerate the attributes of truthfulness.

3. asks students to list consequences of not being truthful.

4. provides students with appropriate materials to read on truthfulness and ask them to write down lessons learnt.

5. asks students to explain the meaning of fair play.

6. demonstrates openness in dealing with others through classroom activities.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. explain the meaning of truthfulness.

2. dramatise truthfulness.

3. enumerate rewards for truthfulness.

4. write down lessons learnt from material and drama.

5. exhibit truthfulness in their daily life.

6. show fairness in dealing with others.

7. tell true stories that depict fair play.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain the meaning of truthfulness.

2. list three attributes of truthfulness.

3. state two rewards for truthfulness.

4. state four consequences of not being truthful.

5. explain the meaning of fair play.

6. describe three examples of acts of fair play.