Chemistry Guides for SS 2 Chemistry of Life – Alkanols and Hydrocarbons

CHEMISTRY 

THEME – CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 

TOPIC 1 – ALKANOLS 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Ethanol

2. KMnO4

3. Water

4. H2SO4

5. Test tubes, test tube racks, etc.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. relate the structure of alkanes to that of alkanols

2. identify -OH as the functional group in alkanols.

3. explain the increase in boiling point of alkanols compared with hydrocarbons in terms of hydrogen bonding.

4. explain the polar nature of alcohols and its effect on the solubility substances.

5. determine solubility of common materials in water and alcohols.

6. identify di, tri and polyhydroxy compounds by their structures and name them appropriately.

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Alkanols,

1. types and properties

2. preparation and properties of alkanols

3. industrial production of alkanols by fermentation

4. etherification

5. uses of alkanols

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

1. Performs experiment to show oxidation of an alkanol with KMnO4.

2. Show action of sodium on methanol

3. Show that methanol and ethanol are soluble in water.

4. Explains the chemical reaction of alkanols:

• dehydration
• oxidation to alkanal and alkanoic acids.

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

1. Watch teacher’s demonstrations.

2. Perform simple experiments involving alkanols.

3. Examine the solubility of alkanols in water.

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain the relationship between the structure of alkanes and alkanols.

2. list the properties of alkanols.

3. describe the relationship between the -OH functional group and the properties of alkanols.

4. identify and name di, tri and polyhydroxy compounds.

CHEMISTRY 

THEME – CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 

TOPIC 2 – HYDROCARBONS 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Models of hydrocarbons

2. Bromine water

3. Silver trioxonitrate (V) solution

4. Charts

5. Coloured beads

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the structure of carbon and its valency.

2. define hydrocarbon.

3. give examples of hydrocarbons and their structure.

4. explain isomerism and give examples.

5. explain homologous series as it relates to the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons.

6. distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon.

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Structure and valency of carbon.

2. Hydrocarbon meaning and examples.

3. Homologous series (characteristics and naming- IUPAC).

4. Saturated hydrocarbon composition and structure.

5. Isomerism

6. Unsaturated hydrocarbon (composition and structure).

7. Aromatic hydrocarbons e.g. Benzene structure and properties only.

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

1. Explains the tetravalent nature of carbon.

2. Defines homologous series and state their characteristics.

3. Identifies and write structures of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

4. Illustrates with models, the stereo-chemistry of simple hydrocarbons.

5. Explains and give examples of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

1. Distinguish between alkenes, alkanes and alkynes.

2. Perform the experiment for differentiating between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

3. Define Homologous series, Isomerism, Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

4. Differentiate between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

5. Model hydrocarbon structures.

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. Distinguish between alkenes, alkanes and alkynes.

2. Perform the experiment for differentiating between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

3. Define Homologous series, Isomerism, Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

4. Differentiate between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

5. Model hydrocarbon structures.