Food: Classes of Food, Uses of Food and Balanced Diet (Adequate Diet) Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 6 Basic Science and Technology

FOOD: CLASSES OF FOOD, USES OF FOOD AND ADEQUATE DIET (BALANCED DIET) PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) THIRD TERM WEEK 6 BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THIRD TERM

WEEK 6

PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) 

THEME – LIVING AND NON LIVING THINGS 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Forms of Energy: Meaning and Types of Energy and Their Uses Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 5 Basic Science and Technology

TOPIC – FOOD 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Classes of Food

3. Meaning, Examples and Importance of Balanced Diet (Adequate Diet)

4. Weekly Assessment/Assignment/Test Questions and Answers

5. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define food.

2. Mention the classes of food.

3. State the uses of food.

4. Explain the meaning of a balanced diet.

5. Identify examples of balanced meals.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about forms of energy, especially that food gives the body chemical energy needed for movement and daily activities.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by helping pupils understand that food is not only a source of energy but also contains different classes of food that help the body grow, stay healthy, and function properly.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Pictures of different foods

2. Charts showing classes of food

3. Real food samples (rice, beans, fruits, meat, vegetables)

4. Blackboard and chalk / whiteboard and marker

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Food is very important for human beings. We eat food every day to give us energy, help us grow, and keep us healthy.

MEANING OF FOOD

Food is any substance we eat or drink to help the body grow, stay healthy, and give energy.

Classes of Food

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Fats and oils

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Water

CARBOHYDRATES

Meaning: Carbohydrates are foods that give the body energy.

Examples: Rice, yam, bread, garri, maize

Uses:

• Give energy for work and play.

• Help the body carry out daily activities.

PROTEINS

Meaning: Proteins are body-building foods that help growth and repair of the body.

Examples: Meat, fish, eggs, beans, milk

Uses:

• Help the body grow.

• Repair damaged body tissues.

• Build strong muscles.

FATS AND OILS

Meaning: Fats and oils are foods that give stored energy and warmth to the body.

Examples: Palm oil, groundnut oil, butter, margarine

Uses:

• Give stored energy.

• Keep the body warm.

• Protect body organs.

VITAMINS

Meaning: Vitamins are protective foods that help keep the body healthy.

Examples: Fruits (orange, banana, mango), vegetables (spinach, carrot)

Uses:

• Protect the body from diseases.

• Keep eyes, skin, and bones healthy.

MINERALS

Meaning: Minerals are body-building substances needed for strong bones and teeth.

Examples: Milk, fish, salt, eggs, fruits

Uses:

• Build strong bones and teeth.

• Help the body function properly.

• Prevent diseases like weak bones.

WATER

Meaning: Water is a liquid nutrient needed for survival.

Examples: Clean drinking water, soups, fruits with water (watermelon)

Uses:

• Helps digestion.

• Carries nutrients in the body.

• Removes waste from the body.

• Keeps the body cool and hydrated.

MEANING OF BALANCED DIET (ADEQUATE DIET)

A balanced diet is a meal that contains all the classes of food in the right amount needed by the body.

Examples of Balanced Diet

• Rice + beans + fish + vegetables

• Yam + egg + fruit

• Bread + milk + fruit

IMPORTANCE OF BALANCED DIET

1. It keeps the body healthy.

2. It provides energy.

3. It helps growth us to grow well and strong.

4. It prevents sickness and diseases.

5. It improves brain development.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT/ASSIGNMENT/TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

A. Answer the Questions

1. What is food?

2. Mention the six classes of food.

3. State two uses of carbohydrates.

4. What is a balanced diet?

5. Give two examples of balanced meals.

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. __________ gives the body energy.

7. Proteins help the body to __________ and repair tissues.

8. Vitamins help to protect the body from __________.

9. __________ and oils give stored energy.

10. Water helps in __________ in the body.

C. True or False

11. Food is only used for energy. ______

12. Vitamins help to protect the body. ______

13. Minerals help build strong bones and teeth. ______

14. Water is not important for the body. ______

15. A balanced diet contains all classes of food. ______

D. Matching

Match the food class with its function:

16. Carbohydrates → A. Protects the body

17. Proteins → B. Gives energy

18. Vitamins → C. Helps digestion and transport of nutrients

19. Fats and oils → D. Builds and repairs body tissues

20. Water → E. Stores energy and keeps body warm

ANSWER KEYS

1. Food is any substance eaten or drunk to help the body grow, give energy, and stay healthy.

2. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, water.

3. Give energy for work and activities.

4. A balanced diet is a meal that contains all classes of food in the right amount.

5. Rice and beans with fish; yam and egg with fruit (any correct example).

6. Carbohydrates

7. grow

8. diseases

9. Fats

10. digestion

11. False

12. True

13. True

14. False

15. True

16. B. Gives energy

17. D. Builds and repairs body tissues

18. A. Protects the body

19. E. Stores energy and keeps body warm

20. C. Helps digestion and transport of nutrients

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that food is any substance we eat or drink to help the body grow, give energy, and stay healthy.

• They also learned the six classes of food, which are: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats and oils, Vitamins, Minerals and Water

• Pupils were taught the uses of each class of food, such as giving energy, building the body, protecting against diseases, and regulating body functions.

• They also learned that a balanced diet is a meal that contains all classes of food in the right proportion and examples of balanced meals.

Overall, the lesson helps pupils understand the importance of eating a variety of foods for good health and growth.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher displays different food items such as rice, beans, fish, oil, fruits, vegetables, and water.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils observe and name the foods.

2. The teacher asks pupils to mention the food they eat at home.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils respond with examples of local foods.

3. The teacher introduces the topic: Food and Classes of Food.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils repeat the topic.

4. The teacher explains the meaning of food.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen attentively.

5. The teacher explains the six classes of food: carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils mention the classes after the teacher.

6. The teacher gives examples and uses of each class of food.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils give their own examples.

7. The teacher explains the meaning of a balanced diet and gives examples of balanced meals.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils identify balanced meals.

8. The teacher displays charts showing balanced diet meals.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils observe and ask questions.

9. The teacher guides pupils to classify food items into different food groups.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils participate in group activity.

10. The teacher summarizes the lesson by revising classes of food and balanced diet.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils answer oral questions.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Primary 4 – Third Term Mid Term Test for Basic Science and Technology

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is food?

2. Mention five classes of food.

3. State two uses of protein.

4. What is a balanced diet?

5. Give two examples of balanced meals.