Home Economics JSS 3 Curriculum Guides – Textiles, Properties, Production, Uses and Care | Sewing Machine and Garment Construction Process

 

THEME – CLOTHING AND TEXTILES 

TOPIC 1 – TEXTILES – TYPES, PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, USES AND CARE

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Cotton wool, sewing yarn, pieces of fabrics, cupboard sheets, pencil, scissors, etc.

2. Basin, water, detergent or soap bars, laundry brush, washing accessories, cold water starch, dyeing agent.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define textiles with examples.

2. explain basic textile terms.

3. state reasons for studying textiles.

4. discuss the uses or importance of textiles to man.

5. list different classes of textiles.

6. differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers.

7. state properties of each type textile.

8. produce woven table mats.

9. launder a fabric.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

MEANING OF TEXTILE

Textile are materials made from interlace materials such as fibers, thin threads, filaments, etc. that are natural, synthetic or a combination of both.

Textile materials can be classified in natural fibres and man-made fibers. Natural fibers are organic materials while man-made fibers are synthetic or industrial materials.

There are variety of textile fiber products which found in clothing, furniture, bedding, carpeting, and even some car parts, etc.

Textiles are everywhere.

 

BASIC TEXTILE TERMS

1. Fiber

2. Yarn

3. Warp

4. Weft

 

REASONS FOR STUDYING TEXTILES

Textiles are studied for many reasons,

1. Origin

2. Methods (making)

3. Properties

4. Cares

5. Uses

6. Sources

 

 

IMPORTANCE (USES) OF TEXTILES

Textiles are important for making,

1. clothing materials such as jeans, t-shirt, trousers, etc.

2. household materials curtains, bedsheets, pillows, etc.

3. Medical products such as bandages, plasters, etc.

4. Furniture

6. Car sits

7. Seat belt

 

 

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS

Natural Fibers                  Synthetic Fibres

1. It comes from nature.       It is. an made fibres.

2. It has natural colour.        It has artificial colour.

3. It is less durable.                It is more durable.

 

PROPERTIES OF FIBERS

1. Strength

2. Temperature Resistance

3. Shape

4. Absorbency

5. Sustainability

 

 

CARING FOR FIBERS

1. Wash gently.

2. Avoid the use of bleach.

3. Always dry flat.

4. Press gently to remove excess water.

5. Do not wring or twist to avoid wrinkles and distortion.

6. Avoid the use of machine for some fibres.

7. Store in good condition.

 

PRODUCTION OF TEXTILES

Textile production is the process of making fibers, filaments, yarn or thread are made.

For example, the making of woven table mat.

1. Materials

• Home-Made Loom (12″ by 12″ inner dimensions)

• Two different matching colors of Acrylic Nylon hand knitting yarn.

 

2. Making

• Tie one end of yarn on the nail on one edge.

• Use a colander or such container to keep the yarn. This will prevent the yarn from rolling on the ground.

• The gap between the nails are almost equal to 10 times thickness of the yarn. So we will use about 8 strands of yarn in between.

• Start from the 4th nail and warp 4 circles of yarn around the opposite nail. This will give us 8 strands of yarn on each row.

• Make three rows like this with same color.

• Continue to warp three rows at the center and three rows on the other edge as shown with the same color. There is no need to cut the yarn but can be taken along the outer edge of the nails.

• Take the yarn along the outer edge of the nails and warp perpendicular same as earlier rows.

• Now start warping with other color yarn, tie one end of yarn with the nail on one end and warp as earlier on the outer edge.

• Continue with the light biscuit color on all the spaces between sea green colored yarn.

• Follow the link to continue – How to Weave a Small Table Mat With Home Made Loom

 

LAUNDERING OF FABRICS

Teacher – Students Activities

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. explains the term textiles.

2. discusses reasons for studying textiles.

3. demonstrates the making of fabrics using strips of cardboard sheets.

4. shows ways of taking care of fibers.

5. discusses the uses of both natural and synthetic fibers.

6. demonstrates production of woven table mat.

7. demonstrates laundry work.

8. summarizes the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participates in the discussions

2. practice weaving skill using strips of paper to produce woven mats.

3. practice laundry work.

4. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain four textile terms.

2. give four reasons for studying textiles.

3. list four uses of textiles.

4. list three properties, each of both natural and synthetic fibers.

5. identify three ways of taking care of different textiles.

6. state two ways of producing textiles.

7. produce woven table cloth.

 

 

THEME – CLOTHING AND TEXTILES 

TOPIC 2 – SEWING MACHINE AND GARMENT CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts

2. Real objects e.g sewing machines.

3. Specimen of facing hems, openings and fastenings.

4. Charts showing construction processes.

5. Sewing tools, equipment and materials

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify different types of sewing machines.

2. identify the parts of the sewing machine and state their functions.

3. explains the guidelines for chosing sewing machines.

4. explain the process of taking care of the sewing machines.

5. explain the meaning of some terms used in garment construction.

6. use the sewing machine to produce baby dress.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

TYPES OF THE SEWING MACHINE

A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread.

Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.

There are different types of sewing machines,

1. Handy Sewing Machine

2. Mechanical Sewing Machine

3. Electronic Sewing Machine

4. Computerized or Automated Sewing Machine

5. Embroidery Machine

 

HANDY SEWING MACHINE 

Handy Stitch is also known as the portable hand-held sewing machine.

It is great for quick repairs or jobs that conventional desktop machines can not handle, like sewing curtains while on the rod, or mending a torn pocket without having to remove your pants.

 

 

MECHANICAL SEWING MACHINE 

These machines are also called as manual machines/tailoring machine/treadle sewing machine/domestic sewing machines where the basic settings are done manually by the user.

These machines are best suitable for the beginners who want to learn sewing from basics.

 

 

ELECTRONIC SEWING MACHINE 

Electronic sewing machines have more features than a mechanical sewing machine.

These sewing machines are the combination of mechanical sewing machine and computerized sewing machine.

 

COMPUTERIZED OR AUTOMATED SEWING MACHINE 

Computerized Sewing Machines are high technology sewing machines which can be connected to the internet, computer or design loaded cards.

 

These machines are best suitable for industrial purpose.

 

EMBROIDERY MACHINE 

Embroidery machines are meant for designing different patterns of embroidery on the fabric.

 

PARTS OF SEWING MACHINE

 

 

 

ADVANTAGES OF THE SEWING MACHINE

1. It makes sewing to be easier and faster.

2. It makes the work to be neat.

 

 

FUNCTIONS OF THE SEWING MACHINE

1. Spool pin – The main function of spool pin is to hold the spool of thread.

 

2. Bobbin binder spindle – During winding, bobbin is placed here.

 

3. Bobbin winder stopper – When bobbin reaches its optimum capacity then bobbin winder stopper stops the bobbin winding.

 

4. Stitch width dial – The main object of stitch width dial is to control the zigzag stitch.

 

5. Pattern selector dial – Pattern selector dial is to set the symbol of the desired stitch pattern.

 

6. Hand wheel – Hand wheel is used to raise and lower the need, which is situated in the right side of the machine.

 

7. Stitch length dial – Stitch length dial is used to control the length of the stitch.

 

8. Reverse stitch Lever – The machine will sew in the reverse while the lever is pushed.

 

9. Power switch – Power switch means the off-on office of the sewing machine. Normally power switch is located at the right side of the machine.

 

10. Bobbin winder thread guide – These types of thread guide are used during bobbin winding.

 

11. Thread tension dial – Thread tension dial is used to control the tension on the top thread.

 

12. Thread take-up Lever – During sewing the top thread passes through the thread take-up lever. Thread take-up lever moves up and down with the needle.

 

13. Needle clamp screw – Needle clamp screw holds the needle in its actual place.

 

14. Presser foot – Presser foot holds the fabric in its definite place.

 

15. Bobbin cover – During sewing bobbin cover protects and covers the bobbin holder.

 

16. Bobbin cover release button – This type of button is used to release the cover for entrance to the bobbin.

 

17. Feed dog – During sewing, feed dog pulls the fabric in forward.

 

18. Needle – Needle is used to form a stitch in the garments.

 

19. Needle plate – Needle plate is a metal plate which is situated under the needle and presser foot. It helps to move the fabric forward during sewing.

 

 

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHOICE OF A SEWING MACHINE

1. Budget

2. Brand

3. Mechanical vs. computerized

4. Stitches

5. Special features

6. Noise (sound)

7. Frequency of use

8. Attachments and feet

 

 

CARE OF SEWING MACHINE

1. Always keep the sewing machine covered.

2. Change the needles when necessary.

3. Always use compressed air to remove the lint.

4. Always service the sewing machine as when due.

5. Oiling the sewing machine from time to time.

6. Call for experienced professional for repairing the sewing machine.

7. Clean each parts of the sewing machine at a time.

8. Wipe down the sewing machine after use.

 

TERMS PECULIAR TO GARMENT CONSTRUCTION

1. Facing

2. Hems

3. Openings fastenings

4. Stitches

5. Seams

6. Hem

7. Darts

8. Notion

9. Notching

10. Wrong Side

11. Right Side

12. Frills/Ruffle

13. Godet

14. Armscye

15. Drape

16. Placket

17. Raw Edge

18. Seam Allowance

19. Selvedge

20. Pressing

21. Ironing

22. Pleat

23. Gathers

24. Trucks

25. Ease

 

 

MAKING OF A DRESS USING THE SEWING MACHINE

Teacher and students actives.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. discusses types, parts and functions of each part of the sewing machine.

2. discusses the factors to consider when choosing sewing machines.

3. guides class discussion on the meaning and making of darts, tucks, openings, facings, fastenings, hems, etc.

4. demonstrates the making of a simple baby dress.

5. summarizes the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. take part in the discussion.

2. examine the parts of the sewing machine.

3. operate a sewing machine.

4. make specimen of facing, hems, openings and fastening.

5. make a simple baby’s dress.

6. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. list three types of sewing machine.

2. explain five parts of a sewing machine and state their functions.

3. explain factor to consider when choosing a sewing machine.

4. make two straight and curved stitches on a piece of fabric using a sewing machine.

5. explain four ways of taking care of a sewing machine.

6. make a simple baby dress.