Issues and Challenges in Physical and Health Education – The Effects Drug Abuse and Their consequences Primary 5 and Primary 6 Term 3 Week 11 Physical and Health Education

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION 

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

THIRD TERM

WEEK 11

PRIMARY 5 AND PRIMARY 6 

THEME – PATHOGEN DISEASES 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Types of Diseases – Concept of Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases | Examples of Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Primary 5 and Primary 6  Term 3 Week 10 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – DRUG EDUCATION 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Issues and Challenges in Sports

3. Types of Issues and Challenges in Drugs

4. Uses of Drugs

5. Effects of Drinking and Smoking

6. Effects of Drugs on Athletes

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. discuss the issues and challenges in sports.

2. mention the types of issues and challenges in drugs.

3. identify types of drug.

4. state the effects of drinking and smoking.

5. mention the effects of drugs in athletes.

ENTRY BEHAVIOURS

The pupils can different between drug use and abuse.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

• Charts showing various drugs.

• Posters showing different alcohol and tobacco.

• Samples of herbal medicine.

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

• Scheme of Work

• 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

• Course Book

• All Relevant Material

• Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON 

LESSON 1 – ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DRUGS 

A drug is any substance that can change the activities of the body.

If we take drugs during sickness, they make us feel better, when we take them according to doctor’s prescription.

Some people abuse drug by using it without any doctor’s prescription.

The effects of the drug vary.

Some make us sleepy, excited, awake or take away pains.

Drug use can be normally use or abuse.

There are drug that capable of affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior.

Among these drugs are alcohol and tobacco smoking which are used excessively.

NORMAL USE OF DRUG

Normal use of drugs are drugs used according to doctor’s prescription.

EFFECTS OF NORMAL USE OF DRUGS

Drug use make people:

1. Heathy and fit

2. Active and strong

3. Live long

4. Sleep well

5. Results in excitement and joy

DRUG ABUSE 

Drug abuse is the wrong use of drugs to get self drive.

Drugs used this ways are not prescribed by doctors, nurses or pharmacists.

The best way to use a drug is according to the doctor’s prescription.

Commonly abused drugs in Nigeria are tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, diazepam, codeine, cough syrup, tramadol, Indian hemp, morphine, heroin, etc.

Drug abuse is the taking of drugs without the doctor’s advise or prescription.

EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON HEALTH

The effects or the dangers of drug abuse are –

1. Respiratory tract infection

2. Blood pressure

3. Stroke

4. Weight loss

5. Death

6. Mental illness

7. Blindness

8. Lung disease

9. Accident

10. Addiction

LESSON 2 – ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DRUGS 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE

1. Bad behaviour

2. Poor performance in school

3. Violence

4. Truancy

5. Prostitution

6. Robbery

7. Murder

8. Financial problems

9. HIV infection

10. Increase in crime rate

11. Underdeveloped society

12. Insecurity of lives and prosperities

DRINKING ALCOHOL AND SMOKING TOBACCO

EFFECTS OF DRINKING ALCOHOL 

Alcohol is a chemical substance found in liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor.

It is also found in perfumes, cleaning fluid, medicine, mouthwashes, household products, and essential oils, plants, etc.

Alcohol is a drug, a liquor substance that change or affects the mind, or mental state.

For examples – Beer, wine, whiskey, gin, burukutu (local drink made from guinea corn), palm wine and ogogoro (local gin), are good examples of alcoholic drinks.

People that are affected by alcohol are called drunker.

The common alcohol drinks in our communities are – 

• Tradition alcohol are palm wine, burukutu, ogogoro, pito, local gin, etc.

• Modern alcohol are beer, wine, whisky, champagne, etc.

The effects of alcohol are as follows:

1. Vomiting

2. Heart disease

3. Cancer

4. Amnesia, brain cancer

5. Nausea

6. Sexual dysfunction

7. Overweight

8. Headache

9. Tiredness

10. Anxiety

EFFECTS OF SMOKING TOBACCO 

Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves, which are dried and fermented before being put in tobacco products.

Tobacco contains nicotine, an ingredient that can lead to addiction, which is why so many people who smoke tobacco find it difficult to quit.

Cigarette manufacturers were also compelled to carry warnings such as “Cigarette smokers are liable to die young,”

A large, national study found that smokers faced nearly three times the risk of dying prematurely from heart disease or stroke.

The effects of tobacco are as follows:

1. Appetite increased

2. Addiction that later becomes hard to quit.

3. Headache and dizziness

4. Lung damage

5. Heart disease

6. Constant cough

7. Fertility problems

8. Risk of pregnancy complications

9. Risk of type 2 diabetes

10. Weakened immune system

11. Vision problems

12. Poor oral hygiene

13. Unhealthy skin and hair

14. Cancers

15. Addiction

16 Mild headache and dizziness.

17. Tiredness and restless.

18. Anxiety, depression, irritability, and mental disorder.

REASONS FOR DRINKING OR SMOKING 

People drink for different reasons such as,

1. To feel high, that is, feel strangely happy or satisfied.

2. To prove a points among friends and family members.

3. To boost confidence.

4. To fight shyness.

5. To aid performance.

6. To avoid stress.

7. For fun and enjoyment.

8. To express happiness.

9. For celebration.

10. To reduce pain and ache.

11. To get out of boredom and loneliness.

LESSON 3 – ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DRUGS 

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DRUG ABUSE IN SPORTS

The issues and challenges of sports are as follows:

1. Poor performance at the local and international competition.

2. Poor movement abilities.

3. Lost of proper fitness.

4. Decrease in skill development.

5. Inability to maximize their potential.

6. Unfit for training.

7. Decrease in the spirit of sportsmanship.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF DRUG ABUSE IN ATHLETE 

1. It gives pleasurable feelings or desires that encourage the tendency to use again and again.

2. It leads to development of drug tolerance.

3. It reduces sense of pain.

CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE 

1. Increase in crime rate

2. Bad behavior

3. Truancy

4. Violence

5. Robbery

6. Murder

7. Underdeveloped society

8. Insecurity of lives and prosperities

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Teacher organizes pupils in groups and pairs depending on the size of the class.

3. Teacher displays sample different types of drug.

4. Teacher asks pupils in groups or pairs to identify and classify drugs as synthetic and naturally occurring drugs.

7. Teacher lets pupils differentiate between synthetic and naturally occurring drugs with appropriate examples.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify and classify drugs as synthetic and naturally occurring drugs.

8. Teacher uses the sample drugs and pupil’s responses to introduce the lesson.

Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction to understand the concept of the lesson.

9. Teacher leads a discussion on the meaning and effects of normal use of drug and drug abuse.

Pupil’s Activities – State the meaning and effects of normal use of drug and drug abuse.

10. Teacher displays sample of alcohol and tobacco.

11. Teacher asks pupils to identify and differentiate between alcohol and tobacco with appropriate examples.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify and differentiate between alcohol and tobacco with appropriate examples.

12. Teacher uses the samples of alcohol and tobacco to lead discuss the effects of drinking and smoking.

Pupil’s Activities – Analyze the effects of drinking and smoking in their communities.

13. Teacher uses the effects of drinking, smoking and other drug abuse to discuss the issues and challenges of drug abuse in sports and athlete.

Pupil’s Activities – Analyze the issues and challenges of drug abuse in physical and health education.

14. Teacher summarizes the lesson on the board with appropriate evaluation.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson and write as instructed.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Third Term Examination Physical and Health Education Primary 5 and Primary 6  – Exam Questions

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks pupils to answer 7 questions:

1. differentiate between normal use of use and drug abuse.

2. state or effects of normal use of drug.

3. mention 5 effects of drug abuse.

4. complete this statement, Cigarette smokers are liable….. 

5. list 5 common traditional drink in our communities.

6. give 5 common modern drink in our communities.

7. Addiction means ________.

8. give 5 reasons why people drink alcohol or smoke tobacco.

9. state 5 issues and challenges of drug abuse in sports.

10. mention 5 issues and challenges of drug abuse in Athlete.

11. list 5 consequences of drug abuse.