Diseases (Communicable and Non-Communicable): Meaning of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases with Examples Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 10 Physical and Health Education

DISEASES (COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE): MEANING OF COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES WITH EXAMPLES 

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE)

PRIMARY 5 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 10

THEME – PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Diseases (Signs and Symptoms): Concept of Diseases, Signs and Symptoms of Diseases, Differences Between Sickness and Illness Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 9 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases with Examples

3. Differences Between Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

4. Prevention of Communicable Diseases

5. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

6. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of communicable diseases.

2. Explain the meaning of non-communicable diseases.

3. Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases.

4. Give examples of communicable diseases.

6. Give examples of non-communicable diseases.

7. State ways of preventing communicable diseases.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned the concept of diseases, the signs and symptoms of diseases, and the difference between sickness and illness. They also learned that diseases can affect the normal functioning of the body and that some diseases are caused by pathogens.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by introducing the two main types of diseases—communicable and non-communicable diseases. Pupils will learn their meanings, identify examples of each type, and understand how communicable diseases can be prevented.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Charts showing communicable and non-communicable diseases

2. Pictures of healthy and sick people

3. Flashcards

4. Whiteboard and marker

5. Health education posters

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Some diseases can spread from one person to another, while others cannot. It is important to know the difference so that we can protect ourselves and others from infections and maintain good health.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the meaning of communicable and non-communicable diseases, identify examples of each, and discuss ways of preventing communicable diseases.

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Communicable diseases are diseases that can spread from one person to another through direct contact, air, contaminated food or water, insects, or infected objects.

EXAMPLES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Malaria

2. Measles

3. Cholera

4. Tuberculosis (TB)

5. Chickenpox

6. Common cold

7. Influenza (Flu)

8. COVID-19

9. Typhoid fever

10. Whooping cough

LESSON 2 – MEANING OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot spread from one person to another. They are usually caused by heredity, unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, ageing, or environmental factors.

EXAMPLES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Diabetes

2. Hypertension (High blood pressure)

3. Asthma

4. Cancer

5. Sickle cell disease

6. Obesity

7. Heart disease

8. Arthritis

9. Stroke

10. Kidney disease

LESSON 3 – DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Communicable diseases can spread from one person to another, while non-communicable diseases cannot spread from one person to another.

2. Communicable diseases are often caused by pathogens (germs), while non-communicable diseases are mainly caused by heredity, lifestyle, or environmental factors.

3. Communicable diseases can be prevented through good hygiene, vaccination, and avoiding infected persons, while non-communicable diseases can be prevented through healthy living, regular exercise, and proper nutrition.

PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Wash hands regularly with soap and clean water.

2. Drink clean and safe water.

3. Eat well-cooked and clean food.

4. Keep the environment clean.

5. Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets.

6. Receive recommended immunizations.

7. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

8. Avoid sharing personal items.

9. Avoid close contact with infected persons.

10. Visit the hospital when feeling sick.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. A communicable disease is a disease that ______.

A. cannot spread

B. spreads from one person to another

C. affects only animals

D. has no symptoms

2. Which of the following is a communicable disease?

A. Diabetes

B. Asthma

C. Cholera

D. Cancer

3. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?

A. Measles

B. Tuberculosis

C. Malaria

D. Hypertension

4. Malaria is mainly spread through the bite of an infected ______.

A. housefly

B. mosquito

C. cockroach

D. ant

5. Which of the following helps prevent communicable diseases?

A. Sharing personal items

B. Drinking dirty water

C. Eating uncovered food

D. Washing hands regularly

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. Diseases that spread from one person to another are called ______ diseases.

7. Diseases that do not spread from one person to another are called ______ diseases.

8. ______ is an example of a communicable disease.

9. ______ is an example of a non-communicable disease.

10. Washing hands regularly helps ______ communicable diseases.

C. True or False

11. Cancer is a communicable disease. ______

12. Cholera is a non-communicable disease. ______

13. Communicable diseases cannot spread from one person to another. ______

14. Good personal hygiene helps prevent communicable diseases. ______

15. Diabetes is caused by mosquito bites. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Communicable disease – A. Prevents disease spread

17. Non-communicable disease – B. Cancer

18. Malaria – C. High blood pressure

19. Hypertension – D. Mosquito

20. Hand washing – E. Cholera

ANSWER KEYS

1. B – Spreads from one person to another

2. C – Cholera

3. D – Hypertension

4. B – Mosquito

5. A – Washing hands regularly

6. communicable

7. non-communicable

8. Malaria (or Cholera, Measles, Tuberculosis, etc.)

9. Diabetes (or Cancer, Asthma, Hypertension, etc.)

10. prevent

11. False

12. False

13. False

14. True

15. False

16. E – Cholera

17. B – Cancer

18. D – Mosquito

19. C – High blood pressure

20. A – Prevents disease spread

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that communicable diseases are diseases that can spread from one person to another through direct contact, air, contaminated food or water, insects, or infected objects.

Examples of communicable diseases include:

• Malaria

• Cholera

• Measles

• Tuberculosis (TB)

• Chickenpox

• Influenza (Flu)

• COVID-19

• Typhoid fever

Pupils also learned that non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot spread from one person to another. They are mainly caused by heredity, unhealthy lifestyle, poor nutrition, ageing, or environmental factors.

Examples of non-communicable diseases include:

• Diabetes

• Hypertension (High blood pressure)

• Asthma

• Cancer

• Sickle cell disease

• Obesity

• Heart disease

• Arthritis

Finally, pupils learned that communicable diseases can be prevented by:

• Washing hands regularly with soap and clean water.

• Drinking clean and safe water.

• Eating properly cooked and hygienic food.

• Keeping the environment clean.

• Sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets.

• Taking recommended immunizations.

• Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

• Avoiding contact with infected persons.

• Visiting the hospital for proper medical care when sick.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher asks pupils to mention some diseases they know and whether they think such diseases can spread from one person to another.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention common diseases and respond to the teacher’s questions.

Step 2: Meaning of Communicable Diseases – The teacher explains that communicable diseases are diseases that can spread from one person to another through direct contact, air, contaminated food or water, insects, or infected objects.

The teacher gives examples such as:

• Malaria

• Cholera

• Measles

• Tuberculosis

• Chickenpox

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of communicable diseases and identify examples.

Step 3: Meaning of Non-Communicable Diseases – The teacher explains that non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot spread from one person to another and are often caused by heredity, unhealthy lifestyle, poor nutrition, ageing, or environmental factors.

The teacher gives examples such as:

• Diabetes

• Hypertension

• Asthma

• Cancer

• Sickle cell disease

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of non-communicable diseases and identify examples.

Step 4: Differences Between Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases – The teacher explains the differences between the two types of diseases and discusses how communicable diseases spread, while non-communicable diseases do not.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils compare both types of diseases and state their differences.

Step 5: Prevention of Communicable Diseases – The teacher discusses ways of preventing communicable diseases by:

• Washing hands regularly.

• Drinking clean water.

• Eating hygienic food.

• Keeping the environment clean.

• Sleeping under mosquito nets.

• Taking immunizations.

• Avoiding contact with infected persons.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention and discuss ways of preventing communicable diseases.

Step 6: Group Activity – The teacher divides the class into four groups and assigns the following activities:

• Group 1: Explain the meaning of communicable diseases and give five examples.

• Group 2: Explain the meaning of non-communicable diseases and give five examples.

• Group 3: Compare communicable and non-communicable diseases by stating their differences.

• Group 4: Discuss and demonstrate healthy practices that help prevent communicable diseases.

Each group presents its work before the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils discuss, complete their assigned activities, and present their findings.

Step 7: Lesson Summary – The teacher reviews the meanings of communicable and non-communicable diseases, examples of each, their differences, and methods of preventing communicable diseases.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer oral questions and summarise the lesson.

Step 8: Evaluation – The teacher asks oral and written questions to assess pupils’ understanding of communicable and non-communicable diseases, their examples, differences, and preventive measures.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the evaluation questions and participate actively in the lesson.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Issues and Challenges: Issues and Challenges in Physical and Health Education Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 11 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What are communicable diseases?

2. What are non-communicable diseases?

3. Mention five examples of communicable diseases.

4. Mention five examples of non-communicable diseases.

5. State three differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases.

6. How can communicable diseases spread from one person to another?

7. Mention five ways of preventing communicable diseases.

8. Why is it important to keep the environment clean?

9. Explain why immunization is important in preventing communicable diseases.

10. Classify the following diseases into communicable or non-communicable:

• Malaria

• Cholera

• Tuberculosis

• Diabetes

• Hypertension

• Asthma