Diseases (Signs and Symptoms): Concept of Diseases, Signs and Symptoms of Diseases, Differences Between Sickness and Illness Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 9 Physical and Health Education

DISEASES: CONCEPT OF DISEASES, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SICKNESS AND ILLNESS

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE)

PRIMARY 5 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 9

THEME – PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

PREVIOUS LESSON – Pathogens and Diseases: Meaning and Types of Pathogens, Meaning and Types of Diseases, Symptoms and Prevention Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 8 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – DISEASES (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS) 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Concept of Diseases

3. Signs and Symptoms of Diseases

4. Differences Between Sickness and Illness

5. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

6. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the concept of diseases.

2. Identify the common signs and symptoms of diseases.

3. Differentiate between sickness and illness.

4. State the importance of early treatment of diseases.

5. Practise healthy habits that help prevent diseases.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about pathogens, the types of pathogens, the meaning and types of diseases, and the ways of preventing diseases. They also learned that pathogens are harmful germs that can cause diseases and that good hygiene and healthy living help prevent infections.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by helping pupils understand the concept of diseases, identify the common signs and symptoms of diseases, and explain the difference between sickness and illness.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Charts showing healthy and sick people

2. Pictures showing common signs and symptoms of diseases

3. Flashcards

4. Whiteboard and marker

6. Health education posters

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Everyone wants to remain healthy, but sometimes people become sick because of diseases. Diseases can affect different parts of the body and may cause discomfort or prevent people from carrying out their normal daily activities.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the concept of diseases, identify the common signs and symptoms of diseases, and understand the difference between sickness and illness.

LESSON 1 – CONCEPT (MEANING) OF DISEASES

A disease is a condition that affects the normal functioning of the body or mind and makes a person unhealthy or unable to carry out normal daily activities.

Diseases can be caused by pathogens (germs), unhealthy habits, poor nutrition, environmental factors, or inherited conditions.

SIGNS OF DISEASES

Signs are changes in the body that can be seen or measured by other people, especially health workers.

EXAMPLES OF SIGNS OF DISEASES

1. High body temperature (fever)

2. Skin rashes

3. Swelling of body parts

4. Weight loss

5. Red eyes

6. Pale skin

7. Continuous coughing

8. Vomiting

9. Diarrhoea

10. Bleeding

LESSON 2 – SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES

Symptoms are feelings or problems experienced by a sick person that may not be seen by others.

EXAMPLES OF SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES

1. Headache

2. Body weakness

3. Tiredness

4. Loss of appetite

5. Sore throat

6. Stomach pain

7. Dizziness

8. Difficulty in breathing

9. Chest pain

10. Feeling cold or hot

LESSON 3 – DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SICKNESS AND ILLNESS

1. Sickness is the state of being affected by a disease and may be noticed by other people, while illness is the personal feeling of being unwell or uncomfortable.

2. Sickness can often be seen through signs such as fever or rashes, while illness is experienced through symptoms such as headache, tiredness, or pain.

3. Sickness is usually diagnosed by a health worker, while illness is what a person feels before or during the disease.

4. Sickness refers to the condition of the body caused by disease, while illness refers to the person’s experience or feeling of poor health.

IMPORTANCE OF EARLY TREATMENT OF DISEASES

1. It prevents the disease from becoming worse.

2. It helps the patient recover quickly.

3. It prevents the spread of communicable diseases.

4. It reduces complications.

5. It saves lives.

6. It promotes good health.

7. It reduces medical expenses.

8. It enables people to return to their normal daily activities quickly.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. A disease is a condition that ______.

A. makes the body healthy

B. affects the normal functioning of the body

C. improves body strength

D. increases body weight

2. Which of the following is a sign of disease?

A. Headache

B. Stomach pain

C. Fever

D. Dizziness

3. Which of the following is a symptom of disease?

A. Skin rash

B. Swollen leg

C. Headache

D. Bleeding

4. Sickness refers to ______.

A. feeling happy

B. the condition caused by disease

C. eating healthy food

D. exercising regularly

5. Early treatment of diseases helps to ______.

A. make diseases worse

B. spread diseases

C. promote quick recovery

D. increase sickness

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. A ______ affects the normal functioning of the body.

7. ______ are changes in the body that can be seen by others.

8. ______ are feelings experienced by a sick person.

9. Feeling tired is a ______ of disease.

10. Early ______ helps prevent diseases from becoming worse.

C. True or False

11. Fever is a sign of disease. ______

12. Headache is a symptom of disease. ______

13. Sickness and illness mean exactly the same thing. ______

14. Early treatment can help a sick person recover quickly. ______

15. Diseases cannot affect the normal functioning of the body. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Disease – A. Quick recovery

17. Sign – B. Condition caused by disease

18. Symptom – C. Condition that affects the body

19. Sickness – D. Fever

20. Early treatment – E. Headache

ANSWER KEYS

1. B – Affects the normal functioning of the body

2. C – Fever

3. C – Headache

4. B – The condition caused by disease

5. C – Promote quick recovery

6. disease

7. Signs

8. Symptoms

9. symptom

10. treatment

11. True

12. True

13. False

14. True

15. False

16. C – Condition that affects the body

17. D – Fever

18. E – Headache

19. B – Condition caused by disease

20. A – Quick recovery

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that a disease is a condition that affects the normal functioning of the body or mind and makes a person unhealthy.

They learned that signs of diseases are changes in the body that can be seen or measured by other people or health workers, while symptoms of diseases are feelings or problems experienced by the sick person.

Examples of signs include:

• Fever

• Skin rashes

• Swelling

• Weight loss

• Pale skin

Examples of symptoms include:

• Headache

• Body weakness

• Tiredness

• Stomach pain

• Loss of appetite

Pupils also learned that sickness is the condition of being affected by a disease, while illness is the personal feeling of being unwell or uncomfortable.

Finally, pupils learned that early treatment of diseases is important because it helps prevent complications, promotes quick recovery, reduces the spread of communicable diseases, saves lives, and helps people return to their normal daily activities.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher asks pupils to mention some common diseases they know and describe how a sick person behaves.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention common diseases and describe how a sick person may feel or look.

Step 2: Concept of Diseases – The teacher explains the concept of diseases and discusses how diseases affect the normal functioning of the body.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of diseases and give examples.

Step 3: Signs and Symptoms of Diseases – The teacher explains the meaning of signs and symptoms and uses charts or pictures to identify common signs and symptoms of diseases.

• Signs: Fever, skin rash, swelling, pale skin, weight loss.

• Symptoms: Headache, tiredness, stomach pain, body weakness, loss of appetite.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify and classify examples as signs or symptoms.

Step 4: Difference Between Sickness and Illness – The teacher explains the difference between sickness and illness using simple examples.

• Sickness is the condition of being affected by a disease.

• Illness is the personal feeling of being unwell.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the difference between sickness and illness in their own words.

Step 5: Group Activity – The teacher divides the class into four groups and assigns the following activities:

• Group 1: Explain the concept of diseases and give two examples.

• Group 2: Identify five signs of diseases from pictures or charts.

• Group 3: Mention five symptoms of diseases.

• Group 4: Explain the difference between sickness and illness and discuss the importance of early treatment.

Each group presents its work before the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils discuss, complete the assigned tasks, and present their findings.

Step 6: Lesson Summary – The teacher reviews the concept of diseases, the signs and symptoms of diseases, the difference between sickness and illness, and the importance of early treatment.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer oral questions and summarise the lesson.

Step 7: Evaluation – The teacher asks oral and written questions to assess pupils’ understanding of diseases, their signs and symptoms, and the difference between sickness and illness.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the evaluation questions and participate actively in the lesson.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Diseases (Communicable and Non-Communicable): Meaning of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases with Examples Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 10 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is a disease?

2. Mention five common signs of diseases.

3. Mention five common symptoms of diseases.

4. State three differences between sickness and illness.

5. Why is it important to seek early treatment when a person is sick?

6. Explain the difference between a sign and a symptom of disease.

7. Mention five healthy habits that help prevent diseases.

8. Identify three communicable diseases and three non-communicable diseases.

9. State four effects of diseases on the body and daily activities.

10. Describe what you would do if you noticed a friend showing signs and symptoms of a disease.