Matter: States of Matter, Properties of Solid, Liquid and Gas, and Change of State Primary 5 (Basic 5) Second Term Week 9 Basic Science and Technology

MATTER: STATES OF MATTER, PROPERTIES OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS, AND CHANGE OF STATE PRIMARY 5 (BASIC 5) SECOND TERM WEEK 9 BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SECOND TERM

WEEK 9

PRIMARY 5 (BASIC 5) 

THEME – LEARNING ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Matter: Meaning, Identification and Classification of Matter, and Atoms as the Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter Primary 5 (Basic 5) Second Term Week 8 Basic Science and Technology

TOPIC – MATTER II

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. State of Matter

3. Properties of Matter

4. Meaning and Types of Change of Matter

5. Importance of Matter

6. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

7. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify the three states of matter.

2. Describe the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

3. Give examples of each state of matter.

4. Explain the meaning of change of state.

5. Mention examples of change of state in daily life.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned that matter is anything that has mass and occupies space and that matter exists in different forms such as solids, liquids, and gases.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by helping pupils to understand the properties of each state of matter and how matter can change from one state to another through processes such as melting, boiling, freezing, and evaporation.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Ice block

2. Water

3. Kettle or boiling water (diagram or picture)

4. Balloon

5. Stone

6. Chart showing states of matter

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Everything around us exists in different forms such as solid, liquid, and gas. For example, stone is solid, water is liquid, and air is gas. These forms of matter behave differently and have special properties.

Matter can also change from one form to another when heated or cooled. For example, ice can melt to water and water can change to steam.

In this lesson, pupils will learn about the states of matter, their properties, and how matter changes from one state to another.

STATE AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

States of Matter

Matter exists in three main states:

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Properties of Solid

• Has a definite shape.

• Has a definite volume.

• Does not flow easily.

• Particles are closely packed together

Examples: Stone, book, table

2. Properties of Liquid

• Has no definite shape.

• Has a definite volume.

• Takes the shape of its container.

• Can flow easily.

Examples: Water, milk, oil

3. Properties of Gas

• Has no definite shape.

• Has no definite volume.

• Spreads out to fill any space.

• Particles are far apart.

Examples: Air, oxygen, cooking gas

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Each state has different properties that help us identify and classify them in our environment.

CHANGE OF STATE OF MATTER

Change of state of matter is the process by which matter changes from one form (solid, liquid, or gas) to another due to heating or cooling.

Types of Change of State

1. Melting

• This is when a solid changes to a liquid due to heat.

• Example: Ice → Water

2. Freezing

• This is when a liquid changes to a solid due to cooling.

• Example: Water → Ice

3. Evaporation/Boiling

• This is when a liquid changes to gas due to heat.

• Example: Water → Steam

4. Condensation

• This is when a gas changes to liquid due to cooling.

• Example: Steam → Water droplets

IMPORTANCE OF CHANGE of STATE

1. It helps in water cycle (rain formation).

2. It is used in cooking food.

3. It helps in refrigeration and preservation.

4. It is important in industries.

Change of state of matter happens when matter changes from solid, liquid, or gas due to heating or cooling. The main processes include melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT

A. Objective Questions (Choose the Correct Answer)

1. Which of the following is a solid?

A. Water

B. Air

C. Stone

D. Oxygen

2. A liquid has a definite ______.

A. Shape

B. Volume

C. Colour

D. Smell

3. Gas has no definite ______.

A. Shape and volume

B. Colour

C. Taste

D. Weight

4. The process of solid changing to liquid is called ______.

A. Freezing

B. Melting

C. Condensation

D. Evaporation

B. Fill in the Blanks

5. Matter exists in ______ states.

6. Ice is an example of a ______.

7. Air is an example of a ______.

8. Water changes to steam by ______.

C. True or False

9. Solids have a definite shape. ______

10. Liquids have no volume. ______

11. Gas can fill any space. ______

12. Freezing changes liquid to solid. ______

D. Short Answer Questions

13. Mention the three states of matter.

14. State two properties of gases.

15. Give two examples of change of state.

16. What is melting?

E. Matching

Match Column A with Column B. 

Column A – Column B

17. Solid – A. Air

18. Liquid – B. Ice

19. Gas – C. Water

20. Evaporation – D. Water → Steam

ANSWER KEYS

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. three

6. solid

7. gas

8. evaporation

9. True

10. False

11. True

12. True

13. Solid, liquid, gas

14. No definite shape; no definite volume

15. Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation (any two)

16. Melting is the change of solid to liquid when heated

17. B

18. C

19. A

20. D

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

They also learned the properties of each state:

• Solids have a definite shape and volume.

• Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape.

• Gases have no definite shape and no definite volume.

Pupils further learned that matter can change from one state to another. This is called change of state of matter.

Examples include:

• Ice melting to water (melting)

• Water changing to steam (boiling or evaporation)

• Steam changing back to water (condensation)

• Water changing to ice (freezing)

Finally, pupils understood that changes in temperature (heating or cooling) cause matter to change its state.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher displays objects such as ice, water, and an empty balloon and asks pupils to observe them.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe and mention what they see.

2. The teacher introduces the topic: States of Matter and Change of State.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils repeat the topic.

3. The teacher explains the three states of matter.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils listen and give examples.

4. The teacher explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify examples of each state.

5. The teacher shows charts or pictures of solid, liquid, and gas.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils classify materials into the correct states.

6. The teacher explains the meaning of change of state of matter.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils listen attentively.

7. The teacher gives examples of change of state (melting, boiling, freezing, condensation).

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention more examples from daily life.

8. The teacher demonstrates simple changes using ice and water (or pictures).

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe carefully.

9. The teacher asks oral questions to check understanding.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils respond to questions.

10. The teacher summarizes the lesson and corrects pupils where necessary.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils participate actively.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Matter: States of Matter, Properties of Solid, Liquid and Gas, and Change of State Primary 5 (Basic 5) Second Term Week 9 Basic Science and Technology

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. Mention the three states of matter.

2. State two properties of solids.

3. State two properties of liquids.

4. State two properties of gases.

5. What is change of state of matter?

6. Give one example of melting.

7. Give one example of freezing.

8. What is evaporation?

9. What is condensation?

10. Mention one importance of change of state of matter.