Meaning and Effects of Frictional Force | Advantages and Disadvantages of Fractional Force | Methods of Reducing Frictional Force Primary 6 (Basic 6) Term 3 Week 6 Basic Science
BASIC SCIENCE
BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SMASE – ASEI PDSI METHOD
THIRD TERM
WEEK 6
PRIMARY 6
THEME – LEARNING ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT
PREVIOUS LESSON – Meaning, Types and Effects of Force (Primary 6)
TOPIC: FRICTIONAL FORCES
LEARNING AREA
1. Introduction
2. Meaning of Frictional Force
3. Effects of Frictional Force
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Frictional Force
5. Methods of Preventing Frictional Force
6. Lesson Evaluation and Weekly Assessment (Test)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –
1. explain frictional force as the resistance between two surfaces in contact.
2. mention instances of the application of frictional force in daily activities.
3. state the advantages and disadvantages of friction.
4. discuss ways of preventing frictional force.
ENTRY BEHAVIOR
The pupils can state the uses of lubricant and grease.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of palms. Stones and pebbles, balls bearings, matched, knife, floor, water, Vaseline, sand paper, glass, oil, soapy water.
METHOD OF TEACHING
Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.
Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
1. Scheme of Work
2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
3. Course Book
4. All Relevant Material
5. Online Information
Relevant links:
Meaning and Effects of Frictional Forces – ASEI PDSI METHOD (Primary 6)
CONTENT OF THE LESSON
LESSON ONE – INTRODUCTION
To stop a moving object, a force must act in the opposite direction to the direction of motion.
For instance, if you push your book across your desk, the book will move. The force of the push moves the book.
As the book slides across the desk, it slows down and stops moving.
The force that opposes the motion of an object is called friction.
MEANING OF FRICTION
Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object.
Friction can slow down or stops any moving objects.
Friction plays a vital role in our daily life.
Without friction we are handicap.
EFFECTS OF FRICTIONAL FORCE
The effects of the frictional force on objects are as follows:
1. It opposes the motion of all objects.
2. It slow down any moving objects.
3. It counteracts the acceleration of an object.
4. It prevents surfaces from sliding against each other.
5. It causes objects to accelerate.
LESSON 2 – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FRICTION
ADVANTAGES OF FRICTIONAL FORCE
The advantages of friction are as follows:
1. It prevents slipping while walking.
2. It stops cars from moving.
3. We cannot fix nail in the wood or wall if there is no friction.
It is friction which holds the nail.
4. A horse cannot pull a cart unless friction furnishes him a secure Foothold.
DISADVANTAGES OF FRICTION
Despite the fact that the friction is very important in our daily life, it also has some disadvantages such as,
1. The main disadvantage of friction is that it produces heat in various parts of machines.
In this way some useful energy is wasted as heat energy.
2. Due to Friction, we have to exert more power in machines.
3. It opposes the motion.
4. Due to friction, noise is also produced in machines.
5. Due to friction, engines of automobiles consume more fuel which is a money loss.
LESSON 3 – METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
There are a number of methods to reduce Friction,
1. The use of lubricants
2. The use of grease
3. The use of ball
4. The design modification
1. THE USE OF LUBRICANTS
The parts of machines which are moving over one another must be properly lubricated by using oils and lubricants of suitable viscosity.
2. THE USE OF GREASE
Proper greasing between the sliding parts of machine reduces the friction.
3. THE USE OF BALL
Bearing In machines where possible, sliding friction can be replaced by rolling friction by using ball bearings.
4. THE DESIGN MODIFICATION
Friction can be reduced by changing the design of fast moving objects. The front of vehicles and airplanes made oblong to minimize friction.
PRESENTATION
To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:
1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;
2. Teacher organizes pupils in groups or pairs depending on the size of the class.
3. Teacher asks pupils to rub the palms their hands together very firmly. What do you feel?
4. Teacher lets pupils apply lubricant on their palms and rub them together again. What is the different?
5. Teacher listens the pupils and uses their appropriate responses to introduce the lesson.
6. Teacher lets pupils repeat the activities in activity 4 and 5 on smooth and rough surfaces with a tin.
Pupil’s Activities – Identify frictions.
7. Teacher uses the activities on smooth and rough surfaces to introduce and discuss on the meaning and effects of frictional force.
Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction as teacher discuss the meaning and effects of frictional force.
8. Teacher uses objects such as tyre, bicycle break, handle, etc. to lead discussion on the advantages of frictional force.
9. Teacher asks pupils state the reasons why some of engines or machines make a lot of noise.
10. Teacher listens to the groups or pairs and uses their appropriate responses to lead a discussion on the disadvantages of friction.
Pupil’s Activities – Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of friction in their communities.
11. Teacher uses lubricant and grease to discuss ways to prevent friction.
Pupil’s Activities – State other ways of reducing friction.
12. Teacher summarizes each lesson on the board with appropriate lesson evaluation.
Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson by responding correctly to the questions and write as instructed.
CONCLUSION
- To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson (magnetic force).
LESSON EVALUATION
Teacher asks pupils to,
1. explain the meaning of frictional force.
2. state 5 effects of friction.
3. mention 5 instance where friction is applicable in our daily activities;
4. list 4 advantages of friction.
5. state 4 disadvantages of friction.
6. mention 5 ways to reduce or prevent friction.
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About The Author
Alabi M. S.
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