Meaning and Types of Rock | Uses of Rock | Formation of Rocks | Major Landmark of Rock in Nigeria

LESSON – ROCKS 

TOPIC

• Meaning and Types of Rock

• Uses of Rock

• Formation of Rocks

• Major Landmark of Rock in Nigeria

MEANING OF ROCK

Rock are solid parts of the earth that made up of different materials or minerals.

When the rock is broken into smaller particle, it formed soil.

WHERE CAN ROCK BE FOUND? 

Rock can be found,

1. By the road sides.

2. By the bank of rivers and streams.

3. By the beach.

4. On the construction site.

5. Gravel pit, mines and quarries.

TYPES OF ROCKS 

There are three main types of rock, based on the way the rock was formed:

1. Igneous rocks – granite

2. Sedimentary rocks – limestone and sandstone

3. Metamorphic rocks – marble

IGNEOUS ROCKS 

Igneous rock is the rock formed when the hot molten material is push out to cool and become solid or hard.

Igneous rock means fire formed by cooling and harden magma or lava.

Magma is the molten Material inside earth while lava is the molten material that’s put out to the surface of earth.

When the lava cools slowly, the type of igneous rock formed is called basalt because it is free of crystalline.

But when is cool faster, granite is formed because of the present of crystalline.

Examples of igneous rock are basalt and granite.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Sedimentary rock is the rock formed by the collection of minerals like stones, pebbles, sand and silt at the surface of the earth.

The formation of sedimentary rock may contain fossils.

Fossils are the plants and animals decay for many years on the surface of the earth.

Limestone, sandstone and shale are good examples of sedimentary rock.

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 

Metamorphic rock is the rock formed when the existing rock changed by extreme heat and pressure within the deep of the earth surface.

Slate and marble are good examples of metaphoric rock.

PROCESSES OF ROCK FORMATION

The processes of rock formation is how a rock can change from igneous to sedimentary to metamorphic over time.

1. Melted rock or magma is sent to the earth’s surface by a volcano. It cools and forms an igneous rock.

2. Next the weather, or a river, and other events will slowly break up this rock into small pieces of sediment.

3. As sediment builds up and hardens over years, a sedimentary rock is formed.

4. Slowly this sediment rock will get covered with other rocks and end up deep in the Earth’s crust.

5. When the pressure and heat get high enough, the sedimentary rock will metamorphose into a metamorphic rock and the cycle will start over again.

USES OF ROCK

Rocks are valuable minerals that can be used for,

1. producing cement, glass and marble.

2. gold and silver jewellery.

3. making chalk and paper.

4. building a house.

5. construction of road and bridge.

6. making iron and steel.

7. producing insecticide.

8. manufacturing petrochemicals, etc.

THE MAJOR LANDMARK OF ROCKS IN NIGERIA 

Landmark rocks are areas covered by rocks. Areas covered by rocks in Nigeria are as follows:

1. Zuma rock in Niger State

2. Olumo rock in Abeokuta

3. Aso rock in Abuja. It is also known as Villa Rock

4. Riyom rock in Plateau State

5. Wade rock in Plateau State

LESSON EVALUATION 

Answer all the questions in Section A and B.

SECTION A 

1. ________ are solid parts of the earth that made up of different materials or minerals.

A. Soil

B. Particle

C. Rock

 

2. When the rock is broken into smaller particle, it formed ________.

A. Soil

B. Particle

C. Rock

 

3. The ________ is loose materials while the ________ is solid materials.

A. rock and soil

B. soil and rock

C. soil and particle

State one place where rocks can be found.

4. _________________

 

5. There are _______ types of rocks.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

 

State all types of rocks you know.

6. ________, ________and ________ rocks.

 

7. ________ landmark rock is on ₦100 note.

A. Olumo rock

B. Aso rock

C. Zuma rock

 

Mention 2 importance of rocks.

8. _________________ and _________________

9. ________ rocks are areas covered by rocks.

A. Landmark

B. Landlady

C. Landlord

State 2 landmark rocks in Nigeria.

10. ________ and ________ rocks.

11. ________ is the rock formed when the hot molten material is push out to cool and become solid or hard.

A. Sedimentary rock

B. Metamorphic rock

C. Igneous rock

12. ________ is the rock formed by the collection of minerals like stones, pebbles, sand and silt at the surface of the earth.

A. Sedimentary rock

B. Metamorphic rock

C. Igneous rock

13. ________ is the rock formed when the existing rock changed by extreme heat and pressure within the deep of the earth surface.

A. Sedimentary rock

B. Metamorphic rock

C. Igneous rock

14. Igneous rock means fire formed by cooling and harden ________.

A. magma

B. lava

C. magma or lava

15. Igneous rock is also known as ________.

A. soil formed

B. sand formed

C. fire formed

16. The molten material inside earth is known as ________.

A. magma

B. lava

C. magma or lava

17. ________ is the molten material that’s put out to the surface of earth.

A. magma

B. lava

C. magma or lava

18. When the lava cools slowly, the type of igneous rock formed is called ________.

A. basalt

B. granite

C. sedimentary rock.

19. When is lava cool faster, ________ is formed.

A. basalt

B. granite

C. metamorphic rock

20. ________ are the plants and animals decay for many years on the surface of the earth.

A. Lavas

B. Fossils

C. Magmas

21. Crystalline is free in ________ and present in ________.

22. ________ and ________ are good examples of igneous rock.

23. Examples of sedimentary rock are ________ and ________.

24. ________ is the hardest rock.

25. Match the following rocks with correct state.

• Zuma rock                  Plateau State

• Olumo rock                Abuja

• Aso rock                     Abeokuta 

• Riyom rock                 Plateau State

• Wade rock                  Niger State

SECTION B – THEORY 

1. explain the meaning of rock.

2. state 3 types of rock.

3. classify and describe rocks based on their shape, colour, texture etc.

4. mention 5 major landmark rocks in Nigeria

5. state 10 importance of rocks in their communities.