Meaning and Types of Vehicles | External Parts of Vehicle | Advantages (Uses) and Disadvantages of Cars Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 4 Basic Science and Technology

BASIC TECHNOLOGY

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THIRD TERM  

PRIMARY 4 

WEEK 4

THEME – UNDERSTANDING BASIC TECHNOLOGY 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Meaning and Types of Building Primary 4 (Basic 4) | Materials Needed for Building Term 3 Week 3 Basic Science and Technology

TOPIC – MEANING AND TYPES OF VEHICLES 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Types of Vehicle

3. External Parts of Vehicle

4. Advantages (Uses) and Disadvantages of Cars

5. Draw and Label a Car

6. Lesson Evaluation and Weekly Assessment (Test)

 

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. explain the meaning of vehicle.

2. state different types of vehicle.

3. identify and name the external parts of a vehicle.

4. mention the advantages and disadvantages of vehicles.

5. draw and label a car.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

The pupils can state the advantages (uses) of a vehicle.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of chart showing different types of vehicle.

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

Related post, Internal Parts of Motor Vehicle | Functions of the Internal Parts of Motor Vehicles (Cars) Primary 5 (Basic 5) Term 3 Week 7 Basic Science and Technology

CONTENT OF THE LESSON  

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION

A vehicle is a machine used to carry people or goods from place to place on land, water or in the air.

TYPES OF VEHICLES 

The types of vehicles are as follows:

1. Wagons

2. Bicycles

3. Motor vehicles

4. Railed vehicles

5. Watercraft

6. Amphibious vehicles

7. Aircraft

8. Spacecraft

WAGONS 

A wagon is a four wheeled vehicle pulled by people or animals like horse, donkey, etc. to carry goods or commodities.

In the olden days, it is one of the means of transportation used by man.

BICYCLES 

A bicycle is a two wheel vehicle that is pedaled by the rider.

MOTOR VEHICLES 

A motor vehicle is an automotive vehicle such as motorcycles, cars, trucks and buses.

RAILED VEHICLES 

A railed vehicle is a vehicle trains and trams driven on the railway.

 

WATERCRAFT

A watercraft is a vehicle used on and in water.

For examples – ships, boats, underwater vehicles.

AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLES 

An amphibious vehicle is a vehicle used on the land as well as on and in the water.

For examples – screw-propelled vehicles and hovercraft.

AIRCRAFTS 

Aircraft is a vehicle that can fly in the air.

For examples – airplanes, helicopters and aerostats.

SPACECRAFT

A spacecraft is a vehicle used to fly in outer space.

Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes such as communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo.

LESSON 2 – EXTERNAL PARTS OF A VEHICLE 

1. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A WAGON

The external parts of wagon are as follows:

• Wagon bed

• Wagon cover

• Jockey box

• Wheels

• Tongue

• Neck

2. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A BICYCLE 

The external parts of bicycle are as follows:

• Saddle (seat)

• Frame

• Gearing

• Brakes

• Wheels and Tyre

• Strokes

• Valve

• Chain

• Pedal

• Handlebars

3. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A MOTOR VEHICLE (CAR) 

The external parts of motor vehicle are as follows:

• Roof

• Body shell

• Window

• Boot

• Doors and their handles

• Side mirrors

• Wheel

• Tire

• Turn signal

• Bumpers

• License plate

• Headlights

• Seats

• Seat belt

• Fuel gauge

• Temperature gauge

• Car trip meter, etc.

5. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A RAILED VEHICLE

The external parts of railed vehicle are as follows:

• Drive cab

• Coupler

• Body shell

• Roof

• Wheels

• Pantograph

• HVAC

• Windows

• Doors

• Gangway

6. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A WATERCRAFT (BOAT) 

The external parts of watercraft are as follows:

• Bow – the front of a boat

• Stern – the rear of a boat

• Starboard – the right side of a boat

• Port – the left side of a boat

• Hull – the body of a boat

• Gunwale – the upper edge of boat’s side

• Cleat – the metal fitting on which a rope can be fastened

• Propeller – the rotates and powers a boat forward or backward

• Navigation lights

7. EXTERNAL PARTS OF AN AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLE 

As common to a motor and a boat. 

8. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A AIRCRAFT (AEROPLANE) 

The external parts of aircraft are as follows:

• Cockpit

• Windows

• Door

• Wheel and tyres

• Fuselage

• Slats

• Turbine engines

• Spoilers

• Winglets

• Wings

• Vertical and horizontal stabilizers

• Rudder

 

9. EXTERNAL PARTS OF SPACECRAFT 

The external parts of spacecraft are as follows:

• External tank

• Right and left rocket boosters

• Orbiter

• Main engine

LESSON 3 – ADVANTAGES (USES) AND DISADVANTAGES OF CARS

ADVANTAGES (USES) OF CARS

The advantages (uses) of vehicles are follows:

1. It is used for carrying people and goods from place to place.

2. It saves time and energy.

3. It is faster than trekking.

4. It is a social symbol such cars, private jet, etc.

5. It is used for racing.

6. It is necessity for a large family.

DISADVANTAGES OF CARS 

The disadvantages of vehicles are as follows:

1. It is caused land, water and air pollution.

2. It is very expensive.

3. The cost of maintenance is high.

4. It is one of the causes of high death rate.

5. It causes temporary or permanent injury to the body.

DRAW AND LABEL A CAR

REVISION AND WEEKLY ASSESSMENTS

As stated in performance objectives or lesson evaluation. 

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Teacher displays a chart showing types of vehicle.

3. Teacher organizes the pupils in groups or pair depending on the size of the class.

4. Teacher asks the groups or pairs to identify the contents of the chart and describe.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify and describe the contents of the chart.

5. Teacher uses the chart and pupil’s responses to introduce the lesson.

Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction to understand the concept of vehicle.

6. Teacher leads a discussion on the meaning and types of vehicles with appropriate examples.

Pupil’s Activities – Explain the meaning of a vehicle and its types.

7. Teacher uses any available car within the school environment to ask pupils to identify its external parts.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify and name the external parts of a car within your community.

8. Teacher uses chart to help pupils to identify the external parts of a boat, aeroplane, train and spacecraft.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify and name the external parts of a boat, aeroplane, train and spacecraft on the chart.

9. Teacher guides pupils to state the advantages and disadvantages of vehicles.

Pupil’s Activities – Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of vehicles in their locality.

10. Teacher asks pupils to draw and label eternal parts of a car.

Pupil’s Activities – Draw and label eternal parts of a car.

11. Teacher summarizes the lesson on the board with appropriate evaluation.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson and write as instructed.

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

• Next Lesson – Meaning of Energy | Forms of Energy | Uses of Energy Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 5 Basic Science and Technology

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils to:

1. explain the meaning of vehicle.

2. state 5 types of vehicle with one example each.

3. give at least one example of the following:

• Watercraft

• Aircraft

• Spacecraft

• Motor vehicle

• Railed vehicle

3. differentiate between aircraft and spacecraft.

4. what is the different between motor vehicle, watercraft and amphibious vehicle.

5. What types of vehicle is the following:

• Car and bus

• Boat and submarine

• Aeroplane and helicopter

• screw-propelled vehicles and hovercraft.

6. state at least 5 external parts of the following:

• Wagon

• Bicycle

• Motor vehicle

• Aircraft

• Watercraft

• Amphibious vehicle

• Spacecraft

7. what the different between boat and submarine.

8. state 5 common vehicle in your community.

9. Draw and lebel eternal parts of a car.