Nigerian Musical Instruments: Classification of Musical Instruments and the Sounds They Produce Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 4 and Week 5 Cultural and Creative Arts

NIGERIAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS: CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SOUNDS THEY PRODUCE

Note: Classification of Musical Instruments and the Sounds They Produce is taught in Week 4 and Week 5, spanning two (2) weeks. Each lesson should be taught using practical demonstrations with real musical instruments, pictures, audio recordings, or videos to help pupils identify the different classes of musical instruments and the sounds they produce.

CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS (CCA)

PRIMARY 4 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 4 AND WEEK 5 

THEME –  MUSIC 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Modeling with Paper Mache: Meaning, Materials and the Process of Making Paper Mache Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 3 Cultural and Creative Arts

TOPIC – CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 

LEARNING 

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Classification of Nigerian Musical Instruments

3. Sounds Produced by Musical Instruments

4. Uses and Importance of Musical Instruments

5. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

6. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of musical instruments.

2. Classify Nigerian musical instruments into percussion, wind, and string instruments.

3. Identify at least five Nigerian musical instruments.

4. State the sounds produced by different Nigerian musical instruments.

5. Explain the uses and importance of Nigerian musical instruments.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about Nigerian musical instruments and the sounds they produce, as well as foreign musical instruments and music and noise.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by teaching pupils how Nigerian musical instruments are classified according to the way they produce sound and helping them identify the different sounds produced by each type of instrument.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Talking drum (Gangan)

2. Bata drum

3. Shekere

4. Gong (Agogo)

5. Oja flute

6. Kakaki (picture or video)

7. Goje (picture or video)

8. Udu drum

9. Charts showing the classification of Nigerian musical instruments

10. Flashcards of different musical instruments

11. Audio recordings of the sounds produced by the instruments

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Nigeria has many traditional musical instruments used during festivals, cultural dances, royal ceremonies, religious worship, and entertainment. These instruments produce different sounds because they are played in different ways. Some are beaten or shaken, some are blown, while others are plucked.

In this lesson, pupils will learn how Nigerian musical instruments are classified into percussion, wind, and string instruments, identify the sounds they produce, and appreciate their importance in preserving Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage.

MEANING OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Musical instruments are objects or devices specially made or used to produce musical sounds.

CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Nigerian musical instruments can be classified according to how they produce sound.

1. Percussion Instruments (Beaten or Struck)

These instruments produce sound when they are beaten, struck, or shaken.

Instrument – Tribe – Sound Produced

• Talking Drum (Gangan) – Yoruba – Deep rhythmic “dum-dum” sound

• Bata Drum – Yoruba – Strong rhythmic drumming sound

• Ekwe (Wooden Slit Drum) – Igbo – Hollow knocking sound

• Udu Drum – Igbo – Deep booming sound

• Gong (Agogo) – Yoruba/Igbo – Metallic ringing sound

• Shekere – Yoruba – Rattling or shaking sound

2. Wind Instruments (Blown)

These instruments produce sound when air is blown into them.

Instrument – Tribe – Sound Produced

• Oja Flute – Igbo – Soft, high-pitched sound

• Kakaki – Hausa – Loud, long trumpet sound

• Animal Horn – Various Nigerian tribes – Loud blowing sound

3. String Instruments (Plucked)

These instruments produce sound when their strings are plucked.

Instrument – Tribe – Sound Produced

• Goje – Hausa – Soft violin-like soun

• Kora – Hausa/Fulani – Gentle melodious sound

SOUNDS PRODUCED BY MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Different musical instruments produce different sounds, such as:

1. Talking Drum – Rhythmic drum sound

2. Bata Drum – Deep drum beats

3. Shekere – Rattling sound

4. Gong – Ringing metallic sound

5. Oja Flute – High-pitched sound

6. Kakaki – Loud trumpet sound

7. Goje – Soft string sound

8. Udu Drum – Deep booming sound

USES OF NIGERIAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Nigerian musical instruments are used for:

1. Entertainment

2. Traditional dances

3. Cultural festivals

4. Religious worship

5. Royal ceremonies

6. Communication in some communities

7. Storytelling and drama

IMPORTANCE OF NIGERIAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

They help to:

1. Preserve Nigerian culture.

2. Promote traditional music.

3. Entertain people.

4. Support dancing and drama.

5. Teach cultural values.

6. Promote national identity.

7. Encourage appreciation of Nigerian heritage.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Musical instruments are objects used to produce _______.

A. water

B. food

C. musical sounds

D. clothes

2. Which of the following is a percussion instrument?

A. Oja flute

B. Talking drum

C. Goje

D. Kakaki

3. Which Nigerian musical instrument is played by blowing?

A. Oja flute

B. Bata drum

C. Shekere

D. Udu drum

4. Which Nigerian musical instrument belongs to the string family?

A. Shekere

B. Gong

C. Talking drum

D. Goje

5. The Shekere produces a _______ sound.

A. whistling

B. trumpet

C. rattling

D. violin

B. Fill in the Gaps

Complete the sentences using the words in the box: percussion, flute, strings, drum, blown

6. Instruments that are beaten or shaken are called _______ instruments.

7. The Oja is a traditional _______.

8. The Goje produces sound from its _______.

9. The Talking _______ is a Yoruba musical instrument.

10. Wind instruments produce sound when they are _______.

C. True or False

11. The Talking Drum is a percussion instrument. _______

12. The Kakaki is played by beating. _______

13. The Goje is a string instrument. _______

14. Nigerian musical instruments help to destroy culture. _______

15. The Shekere is a string instrument. _______

D. Match Column A with Column B.

Column A – Column B

16. Talking Drum – A. String instrument

17. Oja – B. Wind instrument

18. Goje – C. Percussion instrument

19. Shekere – D. Rattling sound

20. Kakaki – E. Long trumpet sound

ANSWER KEYS

1. C – Musical sounds

2. B – Talking drum

3. A – Oja flute

4. D – Goje

5. C – Rattling

6. percussion

7. flute

8. strings

9. drum

10. blown

11. True

12. False

13. True

14. False

15. False

16. C – Percussion instrument

17. B – Wind instrument

18. A – String instrument

19. D – Rattling sound

20. E – Long trumpet sound

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that musical instruments are objects used to produce musical sounds. They also learned that Nigerian musical instruments are classified according to the way they produce sound.

Pupils identified the three main classes of Nigerian musical instruments:

• Percussion instruments, which are beaten, struck, or shaken.

• Wind instruments, which are played by blowing.

• String instruments, which produce sound when their strings are plucked.

Furthermore, pupils identified examples of each class, such as the Talking Drum, Bata Drum, Shekere, Gong, Oja Flute, Kakaki, Goje, and Udu Drum, and described the different sounds they produce.

Finally, pupils learned that Nigerian musical instruments are used for entertainment, traditional dances, cultural festivals, religious worship, royal ceremonies, and communication, and that they help to preserve Nigeria’s cultural heritage and promote appreciation of traditional music.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher displays different Nigerian musical instruments or pictures of them, such as the Talking Drum, Shekere, Gong, Oja Flute, Kakaki, Goje, and Udu Drum. The teacher asks pupils if they have seen or heard any of these instruments before.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe the instruments, identify those they know, and describe where they have seen them.

Step 2: Meaning of Musical Instruments – The teacher explains the meaning of musical instruments and introduces the three main classifications of Nigerian musical instruments:

• Percussion instruments

• Wind instruments

• String instruments

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of musical instruments and mention the three classes.

Step 3: Classification of Nigerian Musical Instruments – The teacher explains each class with examples:

• Percussion Instruments: Talking Drum (Gangan), Bata Drum, Shekere, Gong (Agogo), Udu Drum, Ekwe.

• Wind Instruments: Oja Flute, Kakaki, Animal Horn.

• String Instruments: Goje and Kora.

The teacher explains how each class produces sound.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils classify the instruments correctly according to how they produce sound.

Step 4: Sounds Produced by the Instruments – The teacher demonstrates or plays recordings of the sounds produced by different Nigerian musical instruments and explains their unique sounds.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils listen carefully and identify the instrument that produces each sound.

Step 5: Practical Activity – The teacher allows pupils to observe, touch, or play available musical instruments and identify the type of sound each instrument produces.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify the instruments, classify them, and describe the sounds they produce.

Step 6: Group Activity – The teacher divides the class into four groups and assigns the following activities:

• Group 1: Explain the meaning of musical instruments and list the three classifications.

• Group 2: Identify and classify percussion instruments.

• Group 3: Identify wind and string instruments and explain how they produce sound.

• Group 4: Describe the sounds produced by different Nigerian musical instruments and state their uses.

Each group presents its work to the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils discuss, classify instruments, describe their sounds, and present their findings.

Step 7: Lesson Summary – The teacher reviews the meaning of musical instruments, their classification, the sounds they produce, and their importance in Nigerian culture.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer oral questions and summarise the lesson.

Step 8: Evaluation – The teacher asks oral and written questions to assess pupils’ understanding of the lesson.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the evaluation questions and participate actively in the lesson.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

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LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. Explain the meaning of musical instruments.

2. Classify Nigerian musical instruments into percussion, wind, and string instruments.

3. Identify at least five Nigerian musical instruments.

4. State the sounds produced by different Nigerian musical instruments.

5. Explain the uses and importance of Nigerian musical instruments.