Geography SS 1 Curriculum Guides – The Earth’s Structure, The Earth and Other Planets, The Earth’s Rotation and Revolution, Latitude and Longitude, Lowlands, Mountains and Rocks

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 1 – THE EARTH’S STRUCTURE

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Illustrative diagrams

2. Sketches

3. Models of the cross section of the earth’s interior.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify the major spheres of the earth

2. identify the component layers of the earth’s crust;

3. describe the characteristics of each layer;

4. draw and label the cross section of the earth’s interior;

5. explain the relationship between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydro-sphere.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Major spheres of the earth:

• Atmosphere

• Biosphere

• Lithosphere

• Hydrosphere

2. Relationship between the three spheres.

3. Relevance to Human Activities

4. Structure of the earth:

• Crust

• Mantle

• Core

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. Use diagrams and sketches to guide students to:

• identify earth’s major spheres.

• identify the structure of the earth’s crust.

2. initiates and guides discussions on:

• the composition of the spheres.

• the structure and characteristics of the crust, mantle and core.

• the relationship between the three major spheres and their relevance to human activities.

3. summarizes the highlights of the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. listen to the teacher, ask and answer questions, take down notes

2. participate in class discussions.

3. participate in guided tour of the school to observe the earth’s spheres.

4. draw and label cross section of earth’s crust.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. name the major spheres of the earth.

2. list the components of the earth’s interior.

3. state the characteristics of the crust, mantle and core.

4. draw and label the components correctly.

5. describe the relationship between the atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere and their relevance to human activities.

 

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 2 – THE EARTH AND OTHER PLANETS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Globe

2. Aerial photographs of the earth

3. Satellite imagery of the earth

4. Illustrative diagrams, sketches and models of the earth and the solar system

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify the components of the solar system;

2. describe the position of the earth in relation to the sun and other planets;

3. proof the shape of the earth.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

 1. Components of the solar system, e.g. Mercury, Venus, Earth etc.

2. The earth:

• Size

• Shape

• Position in relation to the sun and other planets.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides students to model the solar system.

2. uses the models to guide the students to identify and describe components of the solar system.

3. guides discussions on:

• the shape and size of the Earth.6

• the position of the earth in relation to the sun and other planets.

4. summarizes the highlights of the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. model the solar system.

2. participate in class discussions.

3. copy the board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. name the components of the solar system.

2. describe the earth by shape and size.

3. explain the position of the Earth.6

4. identify the earth in relation to the sun and other planets.

5. advance arguments to proof the shape of the earth.

 

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 3 – EARTH’S ROTATION AND REVOLUTION

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Globe

2. Slide

3. Stationary source of light

4. Candle and matches

5. Illustrative diagrams

6. Torch light

7. Darkroom

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Describe the phenomena of earth’s rotation and revolution;

2. Explain the effects of the earth’s rotation and revolution

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of rotation and revolution.

2. Effects of rotation and revolution:

• Day and night

• Axis

• Orbit

• Seasons

• Equinoxes

• Solstice

• Hemisphere, etc.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. uses the globe and other models to demonstrate rotation and revolution.

2. guides discussions on effects of the earth’s rotation and revolution.

3. Summarizes the highlights of the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. watch demonstrations, ask and answer questions.

2. participate in class discussions.

3. copy the board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. define rotation and Revolution.

2. explain causes of day and night and seasons.

3. name three major seasons.

4. state three effects each of the earth’s rotation and revolution.

 

 

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 4 – LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• The Atlas

• Globe

•  Illustrative diagrams and slides of the positions of major regions of the world and time zones, etc

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define latitude and longitude;

2. differentiate between latitude and longitude;

3. describe the relationship between latitude and major regions of the world;

4. use latitude and longitude to locate positions of towns, countries, cities, etc;

5. deduce distances and local time from latitude and longitude.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Latitude:

• Meaning of latitude

• Equator

• Latitude and distances

• Relationships with major regions of the world (tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic circles)

 

2. Longitude:

• Meaning

• Time and time zones

• International dateline

• Grid references

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. uses the globe and map of the world to identify and explain the latitudes and longitude, equator, Meridian, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT),international dateline and grid references

2. guides discussions on the equator, relationship with major regions of the world and the meridian and the time zones, etc

3. guides students to differentiate between latitude and longitude, determine distances using latitude and calculate local time of places from longitude.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. listen to teacher’s explanations, ask and answer questions.

2. participate in class discussions.

3. determine distances, time and time zones from latitude and longitude.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain the concepts of:

• latitude and longitude

• equator and meridian

• time zones

• international date line

2. list the major regions of the world;

3. describe the similarities and differences between latitude and longitude;

4. calculate distances and time from latitudes and longitudes;

5. explain the relationship between:

• latitudes and major regions of the world,

• longitudes, time zones, the GMT and international dateline.

 

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 5 – LOWLANDS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Atlas

2. Maps

3. Sketches

4, Pictures of lowlands showing various human activities

5. Models of different lowlands

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify the major types of lowlands;

2. describe the characteristics of the different types of lowlands;

3. explain the processes involved in the formation of lowlands;

4. explain the importance of lowlands to man.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Types of lowlands:

• Valleys

• Plains

• Coastal areas, etc.

2. Characteristics of:

• Valleys

• Plains

• Coastal areas, etc.

3. Mode of formation of the lowlands.

4. Importance of lowlands.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. takes students on field work to observe some lowlands.

2. uses models, illustrative diagrams, pictures and sketches to initiate and guide discussions on:

• characteristics of the different types of lowlands.

• processes for the formation of lowlands (valleys, plains and coastal areas).

• importance e of the lowlands e.g. (agriculture, minerals, timber, etc).

3. guides students to make models of the different types of lowlands.

4. Summarizes the highlights of the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate in guided tour to observe lowlands.

2. make models of the different types of lowlands.

3. participate in class discussions.

4. copy board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. describe with examples the different types of lowlands.

2. state the characteristics of valleys, plains, coasts, etc.

3. state the importance of lowlands.

 

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 6 – MOUNTAINS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Models of mountains

2. Pictures of different types of mountains

3. Illustrative diagrams and sketches of different mountain types

4. Video clips/documentary films on mountain formation.

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify major mountain types.

2. state the distinguishing characteristics of the different types of mountains.

3. explain the processes involved in the formation of the different mountain types.

4. explain the importance and disadvantages of mountains to man.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Types of Mountains

• Volcani

• Fol

• Bloc

• Residul

2. Characteristics of the Mountain

3. Mode of formation of the Mountain Types

4. Importance of Mountains

• Mineral

• Agriculture

• Communication

• Climate effect, etc.

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. uses pictures and models to guide students to identify different mountain types.

2. takes students on a guided tour of the locality to observe highlands in the locality.

3. initiates and guides discussions on:

• structure and characteristics of the mountain type.

• processes for the formation of the mountain4. Importance and disadvantages of mountains to man.

5. summarizes the highlights of the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. bring pictures of mountains to school.

2. listen to teacher’s explanation, ask and answer questions.

3. participate in guided tour to observe, collect and classify mountains.

4. participate in class discussions.

5. surf the net to obtain information on processes of mountain formation.

6. model the different types of mountains.

7. copy the board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. name different types of mountains.

2. state three characteristics of volcanic, fold, residual and block mountains.

3. describe the process of the formation of the mountain types.

4. state the importance of mountains to mans.

 

 

THEME – THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

TOPIC 7 – ROCK 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Rocks sample

2. Pictures of thins made from rock

3. Slides and photographs of different types of rocks

4. Illustrative diagrams and sketches

 

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify the major types of rocks.

2. describe the structure of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

3. state the distinguishing characteristics of the different types of rocks.

4. explain the processes involved in the formation of the rock types.

5. explain the importance and disadvantages of rocks to man.

 

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Types of Rocks

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

2. Characteristics of Rocks

• Structure
• Color
• Texture
• Permeability

3. Mode of formation of the Rock Types

4. Importance of Rocks to Man

 

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. takes students on field work to collect and classify rock.

2. initiates and guides discussion on the structure, colour, texture and permeability of the rock types, processes for the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and importance of the rock types.

3. guides students to prepare an album of rocks in the locality.

4. summarizes the highlights of the lesson on the board.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. bring pictures and things made from rocks to school.

2. participate in guided tour to observe, collect and classify rocks.

3. participate in class discussions.

4. prepare an album of rocks in the locality.

5. copy the board summary.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. name and classify the different types of rocks;

2. explain the structure of the rocks;

3. state their distinguishing characteristics;

4. describe the processes of formation of the rock types;

5. state the importance of rocks to man.