Physical Fitness: Meaning and Components of Physical Fitness, Differences Between Health-Related and Performance-Related Components of Physical Fitness Primary 5 (Basic 5) Second Term Week 5 Physical and Health Education

PHYSICAL FITNESS: MEANING AND COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS, DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTH-RELATED AND PERFORMANCE-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE)

PRIMARY 5 – SECOND TERM – WEEK 5

THEME – GAMES AND SPORTS (PHYSICAL FITNESS) 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Maintenance: Meaning of Sports Facilities and Equipment, Reasons for Maintaining Sports Facilities and Equipment Primary 5 (Basic 5) Second Term Week 4 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – PHYSICAL FITNESS 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Components of Physical Fitness

3. Differences Between Health-Related and Performance-Related Components of Physical Fitness

4. Practical Demonstration of Physical Fitness

5. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

6. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of physical fitness.

2. Mention the components of physical fitness.

3. Identify the health-related components of physical fitness.

4. Identify the performance-related components of physical fitness.

5. Differentiate between health-related and performance-related components of physical fitness.

6. State the importance of physical fitness in daily life.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about different sports and games such as football, basketball, volleyball, hockey, and table tennis. They also learned how to maintain sports facilities and equipment. While participating in these sports, pupils use different physical abilities such as strength, speed, flexibility, balance, coordination, and endurance.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by introducing physical fitness, its various components, and the differences between the health-related and performance-related components of physical fitness, which help people stay healthy and perform physical activities effectively.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Charts showing physical fitness activities

2. Skipping rope

3. Stopwatch

4. Cones

5. Whistle

6. Pictures of people exercising

7. Whiteboard and marker

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Every day, people walk, run, lift objects, play games, and perform many physical activities. To do these activities effectively without getting tired too quickly, the body must be physically fit.

Physical fitness helps us stay healthy, active, strong, and energetic. In this lesson, pupils will learn the meaning of physical fitness, the components of physical fitness, and the differences between health-related and performance-related components of physical fitness.

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Physical fitness is the ability of a person to perform daily activities and exercises efficiently without getting tired too quickly, while still having enough energy for recreation and emergencies.

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

The components of physical fitness are grouped into two categories:

1. Health-related components of physical fitness

2. Performance-related components of physical fitness

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Health-related components of physical fitness are the parts of physical fitness that help a person stay healthy, strong, and free from diseases. They also help us perform our daily activities without getting tired quickly.

These are the components that help people maintain good health and prevent diseases.

1. Cardiovascular Endurance – The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to the body during continuous physical activities.

2. Muscular Strength – The ability of the muscles to exert force against resistance.

3. Muscular Endurance – The ability of the muscles to continue working for a long period without becoming tired.

4. Flexibility – The ability of the joints and muscles to move through a full range of motion.

5. Body Composition – The proportion of fat, muscles, bones, and water in the body.

LESSON 2 – PERFORMANCE-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Performance-related components of physical fitness are the parts of physical fitness that help a person perform better in sports, games, and other physical activities. They improve speed, skill, and overall sporting performance.

These are the components that improve performance in sports and physical activities.

1. Speed – The ability to move the whole body or part of the body quickly.

2. Agility – The ability to change direction quickly and accurately while moving.

3. Balance – The ability to maintain body position while standing still or moving.

4. Coordination – The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and effectively.

5. Power – The ability to use strength and speed together to produce force quickly.

6. Reaction Time – The ability to respond quickly to a signal or stimulus.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HEALTH-RELATED AND PERFORMANCE-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

1. Health-related components help us stay healthy, while performance-related components help us play sports better.

2. Health-related components are for good health, while performance-related components are for sports performance.

3. Everyone needs health-related components, while athletes need performance-related components more.

4. Health-related components help us in our daily activities, while performance-related components help us during sports and games.

5. Health-related components keep the body fit and healthy, while performance-related components improve sports skills.

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

1. It promotes good health.

2. It improves physical strength and endurance.

3. It helps prevent diseases.

4. It improves body posture and flexibility.

5. It increases energy for daily activities.

6. It improves sports performance.

7. It builds self-confidence.

8. It reduces stress and promotes mental well-being.

LESSON 3 – PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

The teacher demonstrates simple physical fitness activities while pupils observe and practise under supervision.

1. Warm-Up Exercise

• Pupils jog slowly around the playing area for 2–3 minutes.

• Stretch the arms, legs, shoulders, and waist.

2. Running (Cardiovascular Endurance)

• Pupils run over a short distance at a steady pace.

• The teacher explains that running helps to strengthen the heart and lungs.

3. Push-Ups or Wall Push-Ups (Muscular Strength)

• Pupils perform a few push-ups or wall push-ups according to their ability.

• The teacher explains that this activity strengthens the muscles.

4. Sit-Ups (Muscular Endurance)

• Pupils perform a few sit-ups.

• The teacher explains that this activity helps the muscles work for a longer time.

5. Stretching Exercise (Flexibility)

• Pupils bend forward to touch their toes.

• Pupils stretch their arms and legs gently.

• The teacher explains that stretching improves flexibility.

6. One-Leg Stand (Balance)

• Pupils stand on one leg for a few seconds.

• They change to the other leg.

• The teacher explains that this activity improves balance.

7. Zigzag Running (Agility)

• Pupils run quickly around cones arranged in a zigzag pattern.

• The teacher explains that agility helps people change direction quickly.

8. Short Sprint (Speed)

• Pupils run a short distance as fast as they can.

• The teacher explains that sprinting develops speed.

9. Throwing and Catching a Ball (Coordination)

• Pupils work in pairs to throw and catch a ball.

• The teacher explains that this activity improves hand-eye coordination.

GROUP PRACTICAL ACTIVITY

The teacher divides the class into groups.

• Group 1: Practise running and jogging.

• Group 2: Practise stretching and balancing.

• Group 3: Practise push-ups and sit-ups.

• Group 4: Practise zigzag running and throwing/catching a ball.

Each group demonstrates its activity before the class.

SAFETY DURING PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

1. Warm up before exercising.

2. Wear appropriate sports clothing and shoes.

3. Exercise on a safe and clean surface.

4. Drink water after physical activities.

5. Do not push or rough-play with others.

6. Follow the teacher’s instructions at all times.

7. Stop immediately and report to the teacher if you feel pain or become injured.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Physical fitness is the ability to ________.

A. sleep all day

B. perform daily activities without getting tired quickly

C. play only football

D. watch television

2. Which of the following is a health-related component of physical fitness?

A. Speed

B. Flexibility

C. Reaction time

D. Agility

3. Which of the following is a performance-related component of physical fitness?

A. Body composition

B. Muscular endurance

C. Balance

D. Cardiovascular endurance

4..Which component helps you change direction quickly?

A. Agility

B. Flexibility

C. Strength

D. Endurance

5. Which component helps the heart and lungs work efficiently?

A. Speed

B. Cardiovascular endurance

C. Power

D. Coordination

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. __________ is the ability to perform daily activities without getting tired quickly.

7. __________ is the ability to move the body quickly.

8. __________ helps a person maintain body position without falling.

9. __________ is a health-related component of physical fitness.

10. Speed and agility are __________-related components of physical fitness.

C. True or False

11. Physical fitness helps us stay healthy. ______

12. Flexibility is a performance-related component of physical fitness. ______

13. Speed is a health-related component of physical fitness. ______

14. Everyone needs health-related components of physical fitness. ______

15. Reaction time is a health-related component of physical fitness. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Speed – A. Helps the heart and lungs work well

17. Flexibility – B. Ability to move quickly

18. Balance – C. Ability to bend and stretch easily

19. Cardiovascular endurance – D. Ability to use body parts together smoothly

20. Coordination – E. Ability to maintain body position

ANSWER KEYS

1. B – Perform daily activities without getting tired quickly

2. D – Flexibility

3. C – Balance

4. A – Agility

5. B – Cardiovascular endurance

6. Physical fitness

7. Speed

8. Balance

9. Flexibility

10. Performance

11. True

12. False

13. False

14. True

15. False

16. Speed – B. Ability to move quickly

17. Flexibility – C. Ability to bend and stretch easily

18. Balance – E. Ability to maintain body position

19. Cardiovascular endurance – A. Helps the heart and lungs work well

20. Coordination – D. Ability to use body parts together smoothly

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that physical fitness is the ability to perform daily activities and exercises without getting tired quickly while still having enough energy for recreation and emergencies.

They also learned that the components of physical fitness are grouped into health-related components and performance-related components.

Pupils identified the health-related components of physical fitness as:

• Cardiovascular endurance

• Muscular strength

• Muscular endurance

• Flexibility

• Body composition

They also identified the performance-related components of physical fitness as:

• Speed

• Agility

• Balance

• Coordination

• Power

• Reaction time

Furthermore, pupils learned that health-related componentshelp people stay healthy and carry out daily activities effectively, while performance-related components help improve performance in sports and games.

Finally, pupils participated in practical physical fitness activities such as running, stretching, balancing, push-ups, sit-ups, sprinting, and ball control exercises, and understood the importance of keeping the body physically fit through regular exercise and healthy living.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher leads pupils in simple warm-up exercises such as jogging, stretching, jumping, and bending. The teacher then asks pupils how they feel after the exercises.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils participate in the warm-up exercises and respond to the teacher’s questions.

Step 2: Meaning of Physical Fitness – The teacher explains the meaning of physical fitness and discusses why it is important to be physically fit.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain physical fitness in their own words.

Step 3: Components of Physical Fitness – The teacher explains that the components of physical fitness are grouped into:

• Health-related components

• Performance-related components

The teacher explains each component with examples.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify and mention the different components of physical fitness.

Step 4: Differences Between Health-Related and Performance-Related Components – The teacher explains the differences between the two groups of physical fitness components using simple examples.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils compare the two groups and mention their differences.

Step 5: Practical Demonstration – The teacher demonstrates simple physical fitness activities such as:

• Jogging

• Stretching

• Push-ups

• Sit-ups

• Sprinting

• Balancing on one leg

• Zigzag running

• Throwing and catching a ball

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe and practise the activities under the teacher’s supervision.

Step 6: Group Activity – The teacher divides the class into four groups and assigns the following activities:

• Group 1: Perform jogging and stretching exercises.

• Group 2: Demonstrate push-ups and sit-ups.

• Group 3: Demonstrate sprinting and zigzag running.

• Group 4: Demonstrate balancing and throwing/catching a ball.

Each group presents its activity to the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils work together, perform the assigned activities, and present them.

Step 7: Lesson Summary – The teacher reviews the meaning of physical fitness, the health-related and performance-related components, and their differences.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer oral questions and summarise the lesson.

Step 8: Evaluation – The teacher asks oral and written questions and observes pupils demonstrating simple physical fitness activities correctly.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the evaluation questions and actively participate in the practical exercises.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Physical Fitness: Meaning and Activities of Physical Fitness Enhancement, Benefits of Physical Fitness Enhancement Activities Primary 5 (Basic 5) Second Term Week 6 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is physical fitness?

2. Mention the two groups of components of physical fitness.

3. State five health-related components of physical fitness.

4. State six performance-related components of physical fitness.

5. Mention three differences between health-related and performance-related components of physical fitness.

6. Which component helps the heart and lungs work efficiently?

7. Which component helps a person change direction quickly while moving?

8. State five importance of physical fitness.

9. Mention five physical fitness activities you practised during the lesson.

20. Demonstrate any three physical fitness activities (such as jogging, stretching, balancing, sprinting, push-ups, or sit-ups) correctly and safely.