Causes of Ethnicity: Economic, Political and Tribal Causes of Ethnicity in Nigeria | Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 3 Civic Education

CAUSES OF ETHNICITY: ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND TRIBAL CAUSES OF ETHNICITY IN NIGERIA 

CIVIC EDUCATION

PRIMARY 4 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 3 

THEME – NATIONAL VALUES EDUCATION 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Meaning of Ethnicity: Problems of Ethnicity in Nigeria and Ethnic Groups in Nigeria | Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 2 Civic Education

TOPIC – CAUSES OF ETHNICITY 

LEARNING 

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Causes of Ethnicity

3. Economic, Political and Tribal Causes

4. Effects of Ethnicity and Ways to Reduce Ethnic Division in Nigeria

5. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

6. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of causes of ethnicity.

2. Mention at least three economic causes of ethnicity.

3. Mention at least three political causes of ethnicity.

4. Mention at least three tribal causes of ethnicity.

5. Explain how economic and political competition can cause ethnic division.

6. State ways of reducing ethnic division in Nigeria.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about the meaning of ethnicity, ethnic groups in Nigeria, and problems of ethnicity.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by teaching pupils about the economic, political, and tribal causes of ethnicity in Nigeria.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Map of Nigeria

2. Pictures of different ethnic groups

3. Pictures of Nigerian cultural activities

4. Flashcards

5. Charts showing causes of ethnicity

6. Pictures showing people working together

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Nigeria has many ethnic groups with different languages, cultures, and traditions. These differences make Nigeria a diverse country.

Sometimes, economic problems, political competition, and tribal differences can make people favour their own ethnic groups or create division among people.

In this lesson, pupils will learn about the economic, political, and tribal causes of ethnicity in Nigeria and ways of promoting unity among different ethnic groups.

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF CAUSES OF ETHNICITY

Causes of ethnicity are the reasons why people may identify strongly with their ethnic group or allow ethnic differences to create division.

ECONOMIC CAUSES OF ETHNICITY

Economic problems can increase ethnic divisions when people feel that their ethnic group is not getting enough opportunities or resources.

Examples include:

1. Unequal sharing of resources – Some people may feel that resources are not shared fairly.

2. Unemployment – Lack of jobs can cause competition among groups.

3. Poverty – Poor living conditions can increase competition for opportunities.

4. Competition for opportunities – People may compete for jobs, education, and other benefits.

Political Causes of Ethnicity

Politics can sometimes increase ethnic differences when people support leaders mainly because they belong to their ethnic group.

Examples include:

1. Ethnic political support – Supporting a candidate mainly because of their ethnic group.

2. Political competition – Groups may compete for political power.

3. Unequal political opportunities – Some groups may feel left out of political positions.

4. Political favouritism – Giving unfair advantages to members of a particular group.

LESSON 2 – TRIBAL CAUSES OF ETHNICITY

Tribal causes are linked to strong attachment to one’s ethnic group and differences between groups.

Examples include:

1. Language differences – Different languages can sometimes create barriers.

2. Cultural differences – Different customs and traditions may cause misunderstanding.

3. Prejudice – Having negative ideas about another ethnic group.

4. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their ethnic group.

5. Lack of understanding – Not knowing or respecting other people’s cultures.

EFFECTS OF ETHNIC DIVISION

When ethnic differences are badly handled, they can lead to:

1. Discrimination.

2. Conflict and violence.

3. Lack of unity.

4. Mistrust.

5. Political division.

6. Slow national development.

LESSON 3 – WAYS TO REDUCE ETHNIC DIVISION

We can reduce ethnic division by:

1. Treating everyone fairly.

2. Respecting different cultures.

3. Promoting equal opportunities.

4. Working together.

5. Avoiding discrimination.

6. Supporting peaceful dialogue.

7. Putting national interest above ethnic interest.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. One cause of ethnicity in Nigeria is ______. 

A. friendship

B. unity

C. cooperation

D. unfair treatment

2. Which of the following is an economic cause of ethnicity? 

A. Respect for others

B. Competition for jobs

C. National unity

D. Helping neighbours

3. Which of the following is a political cause of ethnicity?

A. Peace

B. Hard work

C. Cooperation

D. Political favouritism

4. Which of the following is a tribal cause of ethnicity?

A. Teamwork

B. Equal treatment

C. Cultural differences

D. Friendship

5. Which of the following can help reduce ethnic division?

A. Respecting other cultures

B. Discrimination

C. Fighting

D. Tribal hatred

B. Fill in the Gaps

Use the following below to complete the sentences: jobs, culture, political, unity, discrimination

6. Competition for ______ can cause ethnic division.

7. ______ competition can increase ethnic differences.

8. Different traditions and ______ may sometimes cause misunderstanding.

9. Treating people unfairly because of their ethnic group is called ______.

10. Respect and cooperation promote national ______.

C. True or False

11. Employment can contribute to ethnic division. ______

12. Political favouritism can reduce ethnic tension. ______

13. Cultural differences always cause conflict. ______

14. Discrimination can increase ethnic division. ______

15. Respecting other cultures can promote unity. ______

D. Matching

16. Competition for jobs – A. Tribal cause

17. Political favouritism – B. Promotes unity

18. Cultural differences – C. Economic cause

19. Discrimination – D. Political cause

20. Respect for other cultures – E. Can increase ethnic division

ANSWER KEYS

1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A

6. jobs

7. political

8. culture

9. discrimination

10. unity

11. False

12. False

13. False

14. True

15. True

16. Competition for jobs – C. Economic cause

17. Political favouritism – D. Political cause

18. Cultural differences – A. Tribal cause

19. Discrimination – E. Can increase ethnic division

20. Respect for other cultures – B. Promotes unity

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that ethnicity can be caused by economic, political, and tribal factors.

They learned that economic causes include competition for jobs, unemployment, poverty, and competition for resources. Political causes include political favouritism and competition for political power. Tribal causes include cultural differences, language differences, prejudice, and discrimination.

Pupils also learned that fairness, respect, cooperation, and equal opportunities can help reduce ethnic division and promote unity in Nigeria.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

The teacher displays pictures showing different ethnic groups, people competing for jobs, political activities, and cultural activities.

The teacher asks:

• Why do people sometimes favour their ethnic group?

• Can competition for jobs cause disagreement?

• Can cultural differences cause misunderstanding?

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe the pictures and answer the questions.

Step 2: Meaning of Causes of Ethnicity

The teacher explains that causes of ethnicity are the reasons why people may favour their ethnic group or allow ethnic differences to create division.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils listen and explain the meaning in their own words.

Step 3: Economic Causes

The teacher explains that economic problems can cause ethnic division.

Examples include:

• Competition for jobs.

• Unemployment.

• Poverty.

• Competition for resources and opportunities.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention some economic causes of ethnicity.

Step 4: Political Causes

The teacher explains that political activities can sometimes increase ethnic differences.

Examples include:

• Political favouritism.

• Competition for political power.

• Unequal political opportunities.

• Supporting leaders mainly because of their ethnic group.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention some political causes of ethnicity.

Step 5: Tribal Causes

The teacher explains that strong attachment to one’s ethnic group can also cause division.

Examples include:

• Cultural differences.

• Language differences.

• Prejudice.

• Discrimination.

• Lack of understanding of other cultures.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify some tribal causes of ethnicity.

Step 6: Ways to Reduce Ethnic Division

The teacher explains that ethnic division can be reduced by:

• Respecting other cultures.

• Treating everyone fairly.

• Providing equal opportunities.

• Working together.

• Avoiding discrimination.

• Promoting peace and unity.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils state ways they can promote unity in their school and community.

Step 7: Group Activity

The teacher divides the pupils into groups:

• Group 1: List five economic causes of ethnicity.

• Group 2: List four political causes of ethnicity.

• Group 3: List five tribal causes of ethnicity.

• Group 4: List five ways of reducing ethnic division.

Each group presents its work to the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils discuss, write, and present their answers.

Step 8: Lesson Summary

The teacher reviews the economic, political, and tribal causes of ethnicity and ways of reducing ethnic division.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer oral questions and summarise the lesson.

Step 9: Evaluation

The teacher gives pupils the practice exercise.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils complete the Multiple Choice, Fill in the Gaps, True or False, and Matching questions.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Consequences of Ethnicity: Communal Conflicts, Political Violence and Nepotism as Consequences of Ethnicity | Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 4 Civic Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils to,

1. Explain the causes of ethnicity.

2. Mention three economic causes of ethnicity.

3. Mention three political causes of ethnicity.

4. Mention three tribal causes of ethnicity.

5. Explain how discrimination can increase ethnic division.

6. State at least four ways of reducing ethnic division in Nigeria.