Environmental Health: Meaning and Types of Waste, Meaning and Types of Waste Disposal Primary 4 (Basic 4) Second Term Week 4 Physical and Health Education

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: MEANING AND TYPES OF WASTE, MEANING AND TYPES OF WASTE DISPOSAL 

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE)

PRIMARY 4 – SECOND TERM – WEEK 4

THEME – ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Athletics: Meaning and Types of Long-Distance Races, Phases of Long-Distance Races and Long-Distance Running Skills Primary 4 (Basic 4) Second Term Week 3 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – WASTE DISPOSAL 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Types of Waste

3. Meaning and Types of Waste Disposal

4. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

5. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define waste.

2. Explain the meaning of waste.

3. Identify the different types of waste.

4. Explain the meaning of waste disposal.

5. Mention the different types of waste disposal methods.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned the importance of personal hygiene, first aid, and keeping their surroundings clean. They know that a clean environment helps people stay healthy and prevents the spread of diseases.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by teaching pupils the meaning of waste, the different types of waste, and the proper methods of waste disposal needed to maintain a clean, safe, and healthy environment.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Waste bins

2. Pictures or charts showing different types of waste

3. Plastic bottles, paper, leaves, cans, and food waste (samples)

4. Broom and dustpan

5. Refuse bag

6. Chart showing waste disposal methods

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Every day, we throw away things we no longer need, such as food remains, paper, bottles, nylon, and leaves. These unwanted materials are called waste. If waste is not properly disposed of, it can make the environment dirty and cause diseases.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the meaning of waste, the types of waste, the meaning of waste disposal, and the different methods of disposing of waste properly to promote a healthy environment.

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF WASTE

Waste is any material or item that is no longer useful and is thrown away.

Examples of waste include food remains, paper, plastic bottles, nylon bags, cans, broken bottles, and dry leaves.

TYPES OF WASTE

1. Refuse Waste

Refuse waste is the solid waste we throw away because it is no longer useful.

Examples of Refuse Waste:

• Food remains

• Paper

• Plastic bottles

• Nylon bags

• Empty cans

• Broken bottles

• Dry leaves

2. Sewage Waste

Sewage waste is liquid waste from toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, and drains.

Examples:

• Human waste

• Dirty water

• Toilet waste

• Wastewater from bathrooms

• Wastewater from kitchens

LESSON 2 – MEANING OF WASTE DISPOSAL

Waste disposal is the proper way of collecting, treating, and getting rid of waste to keep the environment clean, safe, and healthy.

TYPES (METHODS) OF WASTE DISPOSAL

1. Burning – Waste is burned in a safe place to reduce its volume.

2. Burying (Landfill) – Waste is buried in the ground at approved disposal sites.

3. Recycling – Old materials are processed and made into new products. For examples: Plastic bottles, paper, glass, and metal cans.

4. Composting – Organic waste is allowed to decay and is used to make manure for plants.

5. Incineration – Waste is destroyed in a special machine called an incinerator using very high heat.

IMPORTANCE OF PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

1. It keeps the environment clean.

2. It prevents the spread of diseases.

3. It reduces bad smells.

4. It prevents pollution.

5. It protects people, animals, and plants.

6. It makes the community healthy and beautiful.

LESSON 3 – WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Waste is any material that is ______.

A. useful every day

B. no longer useful and thrown away

C. new and clean

D. expensive

2. Which of the following is an example of refuse waste?

A. Dirty water

B. Toilet waste

C. Plastic bottle

D. Sewage water

3. Sewage waste mainly comes from ______.

A. toilets and bathrooms

B. classrooms

C. playgrounds

D. libraries

4. The proper way of getting rid of waste is called ______.

A. recycling

B. sweeping

C. cleaning

D. waste disposal

5. Which of the following is a method of waste disposal?

A. Throwing waste on the road

B. Burning

C. Dropping waste in the gutter

D. Littering

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. ______ is any unwanted material that is thrown away.

7. ______ waste includes paper, plastic bottles, and food remains.

8. ______ waste comes from toilets and bathrooms.

9. ______ is the proper way of getting rid of waste.

10. ______ is the process of making new products from old materials.

C. True or False

11. Refuse waste is a type of waste. ______

12. Sewage waste comes from toilets and drains. ______

13. Throwing waste into the gutter is a good method of waste disposal. ______

14. Recycling helps keep the environment clean. ______

15. Proper waste disposal helps prevent diseases. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Refuse waste – A. Making new products from old materials

17. Sewage waste – B. Solid waste materials

18. Recycling – C. Waste from toilets and bathrooms

19. Burning – D. Method of waste disposal

20. Waste Disposal – E. Proper way of getting rid of waste

ANSWER KEYS

1. B – No longer useful and thrown away

2. C – Plastic bottle

3. A – Toilets and bathrooms

4. D – Waste disposal

5. B – Burning

6. Waste

7. Refuse

8. Sewage

9. Waste disposal

10. Recycling

11. True

12. True

13. False

14. True

15. True

16. B – Refuse waste → Solid waste materials

17. C – Sewage waste → Waste from toilets and bathrooms

18. A – Recycling → Making new products from old materials

19. D – Burning → Method of waste disposal

20. E – Waste disposal → Proper way of getting rid of waste

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that waste is any unwanted material that is no longer useful and is thrown away.

They identified the two main types of waste:

• Refuse waste – solid waste such as paper, plastic bottles, food remains, cans, and leaves.

• Sewage waste – liquid waste from toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, and drains.

Pupils also learned that waste disposal is the proper way of collecting and getting rid of waste to keep the environment clean and healthy.

They identified the methods of waste disposal, which include:

• Burning

• Burying (Landfill)

• Recycling

• Composting

• Incineration

Finally, pupils understood that proper waste disposal helps to keep the environment clean, prevent diseases, reduce pollution, and promote good health in the community.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher displays different waste materials (paper, plastic bottles, food remains, leaves, and dirty water) and asks pupils to identify them.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe the materials and identify them as waste.

Step 2: Meaning of Waste – The teacher explains the meaning of waste and gives examples.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils define waste and mention examples found in their homes and school.

Step 3: Types of Waste – The teacher explains the two main types of waste: refuse waste and sewage waste, using pictures and real-life examples.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify and classify waste materials as refuse or sewage waste.

Step 4: Meaning of Waste Disposal – The teacher explains the meaning of waste disposal and why it is important.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of waste disposal in their own words.

Step 5: Methods of Waste Disposal – The teacher discusses and demonstrates the different methods of waste disposal, such as burning, burying, recycling, composting, and incineration.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention the methods of waste disposal and discuss their importance.

Step 6: Group Activity – The teacher divides the pupils into groups and gives each group pictures or samples of waste materials to sort into refuse waste and sewage waste. The groups also identify suitable methods of disposal for each type.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils work together to classify waste correctly and present their answers.

Step 7: Summary – The teacher reviews the meaning of waste, the types of waste, the meaning of waste disposal, and the methods of waste disposal.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer review questions and summarize the lesson.

Step 8: Evaluation – The teacher gives classwork, assesses pupils’ responses, and provides corrections where necessary.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils complete the exercises and make corrections based on the teacher’s feedback.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Physical Fitness: Meaning, Types of Exercises in Physical Fitness and Importance of Physical Fitness Primary 4 (Basic 4) Second Term Week 5 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is waste?

2. Mention the two main types of waste.

3. Give three examples of refuse waste.

4. Give three examples of sewage waste.

5. What is waste disposal?

6. Mention four methods of waste disposal.

7. State three importance of proper waste disposal.

8. Demonstrate how to separate refuse waste from sewage waste and explain the correct method of disposing of each type.