Meaning and Types of Pathogens | Meaning and Types of Diseases | Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 6 Physical and Health Education

 

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION 

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

THIRD TERM

WEEK 5

PRIMARY 4

THEME: PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

PREVIOUS LESSON – Basic Types of Swimming Strokes | Safety Rules for Swimming Primary 4 (Basic 4) Term 3 Week 5 Physical and Health Education

 

TOPIC – PATHOGENS AND DISEASES 

 

LEARNING AREA 

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Types of Pathogens

3. Meaning and Types of Diseases

4. Lesson Evaluation and Weekly Assessment (Test)

 

 

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. explain the meaning of pathogens.

2. state the types of pathogens.

3. say the meaning of diseases.

4. list the types of diseases.

5. differentiate between pathogens and diseases.

 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Pictures

2. Posters

3. Flip charts

4. Video clips

 

 

METHOD OF TEACHING 

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

 

 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Scheme of Work

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

Course Book

All Relevant Material

Online Information

Relevant link – Basic Types of Swimming Strokes (Primary 4)

 

 

CONTENT OF THE LESSON 

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION 

Pathogen is an infectious disease that causes illness or makes people sick.

Infectious diseases are diseases that are communicable.

Pathogen are tiny living organisms that caused illness to the body.

 

TYPES OF PATHOGENS 

1. Virus

2. Bacteria

3. Fungi

4. Worm

5. Protozoa

 

VIRUS

A virus is an infectious agent that can reproduce itself within the host organism.

 

BACTERIA

Bacteria are living organism can be found everywhere.

They are inside and outside the human body, hot water, ice, death, etc.

Some of the bacteria are good for you, while others can make you sick.

 

FUNGI/FUNGUS 

Fungi is a living organism that lives in or on plants, animals or decaying materials.

They no chlorophyll.

 

WORM

Worm is a simple organism or parasitic that feed off the human body.

It enters the body through contaminated foods, drinks, and soil to causes many symptoms in the body.

 

PROTOZOA

Protozoa are very small organisms which often live inside larger animals.

 

 

LESSON 2 – MEANING OF DISEASES 

Disease is a failure of the body to function well as a result of the activities of germs or pathogens.

 

TYPES OF DISEASES 

1. Communicable Diseases

2. Non Communicable Diseases

 

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 

Communicable diseases are diseases that can be spread from one person to another and cause a large number of people to get sick.

 

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

Communicable diseases are spread through,

  • Air
  • Food
  • Water
  • Sex
  • Animals like mosquitoes, flies, lice, and tsetse flies, etc.

 

EXAMPLES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 

Examples of communicable diseases are as follows:

  • COVID 19 virus
  • Cholera
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Gonorrhoea
  • Cough
  • Tuberculosis
  • Dysentery
  • Chickenpox, etc.

 

 

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 

Non communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be spread through such contact or any other means.

 

EXAMPLES OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 

Examples of non communicable diseases are as follows:

  • Epileptic fits
  • Obesity
  • Ulcer
  • Acne
  • Diabetes
  • Sickle cell

 

 

LESSON 3 – REVISION AND WEEK 5 ASSESSMENT (TEST) 

As stated in performance objectives or lesson evaluation. 

 

 

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Teacher organizes pupils in groups or pairs depending on the size of the class.

3. Teacher asks the groups or pairs, what is COVID 19?

Pupil’s Activities – Describe Covid 19 virus and the efforts of the government and its citizens to prevent the virus.

4. Teacher uses the pupil’s responses to introduce the lesson.

Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction to understand the concept of the lesson.

5. Teacher leads a discussion on the meaning and types of pathogen with appropriate examples.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the class discussion.

6. Teacher uses examples of communicable and non communicable diseases to leads and explain the meaning and types of diseases.

Pupil’s Activities – Explain and analyze the types of diseases in their community.

7. Teacher summarizes the lesson on the board with appropriate lesson evaluation.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson by responding correctly to the lesson evaluation and write as instructed.

 

 

CONCLUSION

  • To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

 

 

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils to:

1. explain the meaning of pathogen.

2. state 4 types of pathogen.

3. describe the following:

  • Virus
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Worm
  • Protozoa

4. explain the meaning of disease.

5. mention 2 types of diseases.

6. differentiate between the following:

  • pathogen and disease
  • communicable and non communicable diseases.

7. state 5 examples of communicable diseases.

8. give 5 examples of non communicable diseases.

 

WORKBOOK

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT (TEST)

1. _______ is an infectious disease that causes illness or makes people sick.

A. Pathogen

B. Disease

C. Pandemic

 

2. Infectious diseases are diseases that are _______.

A. communicable

B. non communicable

C. A and B

 

3. Pathogen are tiny _______ that caused illness to the body.

A. living organisms

B. death organisms

C. life organisms

 

4. Pathogen is an infectious disease that causes illness or makes people _______.

A. well

B. sick

C. fine

 

5. _______ is an infectious agent that can reproduce itself within the host organism.

A. Insect

B. Worm

C. Virus

 

6. _______ are living organism can be found everywhere.

Bacteria

 

7. _______ are inside and outside the human body, hot water, ice, death, etc.

A. Fungi

B. Worn

C. Bacteria

 

8. Some of the bacteria are _______ for you, while others can make you _______.

A. good, sick

B. good, sad

C. good, happy

 

9. _______ is a living organism that lives in or on plants, animals or decaying materials.

A. Fungi

B. Worn

C. Bacteria

 

10. _______ is a simple organism or parasitic that feed off the human body.

A. Insect

B. Worm

C. Virus

 

11. Worm enters the body through _______ foods, drinks, and soil to causes many symptoms in the body.

A. communicable

B. contaminated

C. non contaminated

 

12. _______ are very small organisms which often live inside larger animals.

A. Diseases

B. Pathogen

C. Protozoa

 

13. _______ are diseases that can be spread from one person to another and cause a large number of people to get sick.

A. Non communicable diseases

B. Communicable diseases

C. COVID 19 disease

 

14. _______ are diseases that cannot be spread through such contact or any other means.

A. Non communicable diseases

B. Communicable diseases

C. COVID 19 diseases

 

15. _______ means a global epidemic like COVID 19 virus.

A. Disease

B. Pathogen

C. Pandemic