Water: Differentiating Water from Other Liquids, Evaporation, Condensation and Freezing Primary 4 (Basic 4) First Term Week 10 Basic Science and Technology

WATER: DIFFERENTIATING WATER FROM OTHER LIQUIDS, EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION, FREEZING PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) FIRST TERM WEEK 10 BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FIRST TERM

WEEK 10

PRIMARY 4 (BASIC 4) 

THEME – LEARNING ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Our Weather: Weather Instruments, Weather Symbols and Weather Records Primary 4 (Basic 4) First Term Week 8 – Week 9 Basic Science and Technology

TOPIC – WATER 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Differentiating Water from Other Liquids

3. Evaporation, Condensation and Freezing

4. Class Exercise and Answers

5. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify water as a liquid.

2. Differentiate water from other liquids.

3. Explain evaporation.

4. Explain condensation.

5. Describe freezing.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about weather, temperature, and changes in nature such as how heat and cold can cause changes in materials.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by helping pupils understand how temperature affects water, causing it to change from liquid to gas (evaporation), gas to liquid (condensation), and liquid to solid (freezing).

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Glass of water

2. Cooking oil

3. Juice or milk

4. Ice cubes

5. Kettle (for demonstration)

6. Charts showing water cycle processes

7. Whiteboard and marker/chalkboard and chalk

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION

Water is a common liquid we use every day. It is different from other liquids because it has no colour, no taste, and no smell.

Water can change from one form to another depending on temperature.

DIFFERENTIATING WATER FROM OTHER LIQUIDS

Water is different from other liquids like oil, milk, and juice because:

1. Water is colourless.

2. Water has no taste.

3. Water has no smell.

4. Water is transparent.

5. Other liquids may have colour, taste, and smell.

EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION AND FREEZING

A. EVAPORATION

Evaporation is the process where water changes into water vapour (gas) when heated.

Example:

• Water in a pot drying up when heated.

• Wet clothes drying under the sun.

DEMONSTRATION OF EVAPORATION

Materials:

• Water

• Small pot or kettle

• Heat source (teacher demonstration)

Procedure:

• The teacher puts water in a pot.

• The water is heated gently.

• Pupils observe the water slowly reducing and changing into vapour (steam).

Observation: Water disappears into the air as steam.

Conclusion: Evaporation is the process where water changes into water vapour when heated.

LESSON 2 – B. CONDENSATION

Condensation is the process where water vapour changes back into liquid water when cooled.

Example:

• Water droplets on a cold bottle.

• Cloud formation in the sky.

DEMONSTRATION OF CONDENSATION

Materials:

• Cold bottle or cold glass

• Water

• Ice (optional)

Procedure:

• The teacher pours cold water into a bottle or glass.

• Pupils observe the outside of the container.

• Water droplets begin to form on the surface.

Observation:

• Tiny water droplets appear on the outside.

Conclusion:

• Condensation is the process where water vapour in the air changes into liquid water when cooled.

LESSON 3 – FREEZING

Freezing is the process where water changes into ice when it is very cold.

Example:

• Water kept in a freezer becomes ice.

• Ice cubes formation.

C. DEMONSTRATION OF FREEZING

Materials:

• Water

• Ice tray

• Freezer

Procedure:

• The teacher pours water into an ice tray.

• The tray is placed inside a freezer.

• After some time, pupils observe the water turning into ice.

Observation:

• Water becomes solid ice.

Conclusion:

• Freezing is the process where water changes into ice when cooled very strongly.

PRACTICE EXERCISE AND ANSWERS

A. Answer the Questions

1. What is water?

2. Mention two differences between water and other liquids.

3. What is evaporation?

4. What is condensation?

5. What is freezing?

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. Water is a ______, tasteless and odourless liquid.

7. Evaporation happens when water changes into ______.

8. Condensation changes water vapour into ______.

9. Freezing changes water into ______.

10. Wet clothes dry through ______.

C. True or False

11. Water has colour and smell. ______

12. Evaporation happens when water is heated. ______

13. Condensation forms water droplets. ______

14. Freezing turns water into ice. ______

15. Oil is the same as water. ______

D. Short Answer

16. Mention one example of evaporation.

17. Give one example of condensation.

18. Where does freezing usually take place?

19. Name two liquids different from water.

20. Why is water important in daily life?

ANSWER KEYS

1. Water is a colourless, tasteless and odourless liquid.

2. Water has no colour, taste or smell while other liquids may have.

3. Evaporation is the change of water to water vapour.

4. Condensation is the change of water vapour to liquid water.

5. Freezing is the change of water to ice.

6. colourless

7. water vapour

8. liquid water

9. ice

10. evaporation

11. False

12. True

13. True

14. True

15. False

16. Drying of wet clothes / boiling water (any correct one).

17. Water droplets on a cold bottle (any correct one).

18. In a freezer or very cold place.

19. Oil, milk, juice (any two).

20. It is used for drinking, cooking, washing, etc.

SUMMARY

• Evaporation: water → vapour (heat)

• Condensation: vapour → water (cooling)

• Freezing: water → ice (very cold temperature)

Pupils learned that water is a special liquid and can change its form through evaporation, condensation and freezing depending on temperature.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher displays different liquids such as water, oil, juice, and milk in containers.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils observe and identify the liquids.

2. The teacher asks pupils to mention the differences they notice among the liquids.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils respond orally.

3. The teacher explains that water is a special liquid that is colourless, tasteless, and odourless.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen attentively.

4. The teacher introduces the topic: Water and Its Changes.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils repeat the topic.

5. The teacher explains how water is different from other liquids like oil, juice, and milk.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils mention differences.

6. The teacher demonstrates evaporation using heated water or wet cloth.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils observe the process.

7. The teacher explains condensation using cold bottle or covered container.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils observe water droplets forming.

8. The teacher explains freezing using ice cubes or a freezer example.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils listen and give examples.

9. The teacher writes key points on the board for pupils to copy.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils copy into their notebooks.

10. The teacher summarizes the lesson by revising water, evaporation, condensation, and freezing.

Pupils’ Activities: The pupils participate in the summary.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is water?

2. Mention two differences between water and other liquids.

3. What is evaporation?

4. What is condensation?

5. What is freezing?