Civic Education Guides JSS 2 Democracy, Governance, Human Right and the Rule of Law and Our Values

 

Civic Education Guides JSS 2 – Democracy, Election and Voter Responsibilities, Electoral Malpractices, Pillars of Democracy, Nigeria as a Federal, Relationship between Federal, States and Local Government, Consumer Rights and Responsibilities, Protection of Human Rights and the Rule of Law and National Values – Contentment, Courage, Discipline and Integrity

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 1 – DEMOCRACY

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. The Nigerian constitution

3. Pictures of democratic institutions

4. Video clips

5. Relevant publications.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define democracy.

2. enumerate the features of democracy.

3. explain benefits of democracy.

 

4. identify democratic institutions in Nigeria and their roles.

5. state the importance of democracy.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of democracy.

2. Features of democracy.

3. Democratic institutions and their functions: 

• INEC

• Political parties

• Pressure group

• Arms of government

4. Importance of democracy.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. Leads class in discussion of the meaning and institutions of democracy.

2. Uses relevant publications to guide students to identify democratic institutions in Nigeria and their functions.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Read books, newspapers, etc, and report on the features of democracy.

2. Partcipate in class discussions.

3. Partcipate in class discussion through questions and answers.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain the meaning of democracy.

2. enumerate two features of democracy.

3. identify two democratic institutions in Nigeria.

4. discuss three functions of these institutions.

5. outline three benefits democracy to:

 

•  the citizens.

• the Nigerian nation.

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 2 – ELECTION AND VOTER RESPONSIBILITIES

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Voter education handbooks

2. The Nigerian constitution

3. INEC publications

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain election, voter and voting.

2. differentiate between various types of elections.

 

3. enumerate the qualifications for election.

4. discuss the responsibilities of a voter.

5. describe the procedure for voting and

6. discuss the importance of election.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. The concepts of election, voter and voting

2. Types of elections

3. Basic qualifications for election.

4. Responsibilities of a voter

5. Procedure for voting

6. Importance of election

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

1. Guides students to:

 

• discusses the concept of election, voter and voting.

• identify procedures for the different types of elections.

2. Invites electoral officer to give students a talk on:

•  qualifications for election.

• voting procedures.

• need for peaceful election and,

• importance of election etc.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Read and gather information from books.

2. Participate in drama and debates.

3. Listen to talks; ask and answer questions.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

 

1. define the concept of elections, voter and voting.

2. list five types of elections.

3. state the qualifications.

4. identify two responsibilities of a voter.

5. explain the procedures of voting.

6. state three importance of elections.

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 3 – ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. The constitution

3. INEC publications and papers and posters.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. explain electoral malpractices.

2. discuss the causes of electoral malpractices.

3. explain the consequences of electoral malpractices.

4. suggest solutions for overcoming electoral malpractices in Nigeria.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of electoral malpractice

2. Forms of electoral malpractices:

• Fake ballots papers and manipulation of votes; multiple voting.

• Artificial scarcity of electoral materials.

• Underage voting.

• Thuggery and intimidation.

• Financial inducement and other corrupt practices.

• Fake manifestoe. 

 

3. Causes of electoral malpractices

4. Consequences of electoral malpractices

5. preventing electoral malpractices.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher guides students to collect information on electoral malpractices from several sources and leads discussion on, 

• the meaning and forms of electoral malpractices.

• the causes and consequences of electoral malpractices.

• how to prevent electoral malpractices.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Read newspapers, magazines and publications and INEC releases.

2. Participate in class electoral malpractices and listen and ask questions on election malpractices.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain meaning of electoral malpractices.

2. list four types of electoral malpractices.

3. identify two causes of electoral malpractices.

4. enumerate three consequences of electoral malpractices.

5. discuss two measures for preventing electoral malpractices in Nigeria.

6. identify three solutions to the problem of electoral malpractice.

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 4 – PILLARS OF DEMOCRACY

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. The Nigerian constitution

3. Pictures of democratic institutions

4. Video clips

5. Relevant publications

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. explain pillars of democracy.

2. list pillars of democracy.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning and expectation of pillars of democracy

2. Pillars of democracy

• people

• democratic institutions

• rule of law

• transparent electoral process

• majority rule and minority
• rights, etc.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher guides students to:

• define and explain pillars of democracy. 

• list pillars of democracy.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

 

1. Read books, newspaper, etc, and report on the pillars of democracy.

2. Participate in class discussions.

3. Conduct group exercises focused on identifying pillars of democracy.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. define and explain pillars of democracy.

2. list three pillars of democracy and discuss functions of each pillar in relation to working of democracy.

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 5 – NIGERIA AS A FEDERATION

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. Relevant publications

3. Political maps

4. Nigerian Constitution

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning of federation.

2. explain the needs for federation and federal systems.

3. describe the characteristics of a federation.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of federation.

2. Needs for Federation,

 

• National Integration

• Unity in diversity

• Controlling activities of states

3. Characteristics of federation

4. Sharing of powers between central and state government:

• States have constitutionally defined control over their own affairs

• Central government control the states

• Constitution of federal system

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. Guides students to:

• explain the meaning of federation.

• discuss the needs for federation.

• describe the characteristics of a federation.

 

2. Gives students reading assignment.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students participate in class discussion on

1. the meaning of federation.

2. needs for federation.

3. the characteristics of a Federation.

4. carry out group work on dangers of failed federalism.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain the meaning of federation.

2. explain the needs for federation.

3. describe the characteristics of a federation.

4. discuss dangers of failure of federalism in an ethnically diverse and culturally plural society.

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 6 – RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. Documentary

3. Constitution

4. Newspapers and magazine articles

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify nature of relationship among federal, state and local governments.

2. list areas of differences between the federal, state and local governments.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Relationship Federal, States and Local Governments –

• perform function according to constitutional provision.

 

• power to legislate.
• power to carry out functions in accordance with constitutional provisions.

• provide form of governance, etc.

2. Differences among the three tiers of government.

• Functions

• Legislative powers

• Executive powers

• Concurrent and Exclusive powers, etc.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. Explains to students the three tiers of government – Federal, State and Local.

2. Engages students in class discussion through question and answer sessions.

3. Cites examples to bring out the difference among the three tiers of government.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

 

1. Participate in class discussion.

2. Debate the differences among the three government.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. list three types of relationship among federal, state and local governance.

2. list three areas of differences between federal, state and local government.

3. discuss concurrent and exclusive powers of government.

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 7 – CONSUMER RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Posters

2. Video clips

3. Books

4. Chart flyers, posters, pictures, flash cards

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. list the eight universal consumer rights.

2. explain each of the consumer responsibilities.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Universal rights of a consumer-right to:

• satisfaction of basic needs

• safety

• information

• choose

• redress

• consumer education

• representation to be heard

• healthy environment

2. The responsibilities of consumer –

 

• be aware

• demand and keep proofs of transactions, e.g receipts invoice warranty

• think independently

• speak out

• respect the environment

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. Explains each of the eight universal consumer rights.

2. Discuss the responsibilities of a consumer.

3. Demonstrate the responsibility.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES 

The students,

 

1. Write eight consumer rights role play the right of consumers.

2. Participate in class discussion.

3. Role play the res possibility.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain universal consumer rights.

2. list and explain duties of a consumer.

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 8 – PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Books

2. Publications of civil society organizations

3. Video clips

4. Newspaper reports and magazine articles

5. Flip chart, Flash cards, Posters, etc.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain how individuals and groups can assist in protecting human rights and the rule of law.

2. identify some groups that help in protecting the human rights of citizens.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

A. Ways of protecting human rights:

1. representing the affected persons in court.

2. drawing attention to cases of human rights violations through:

• protest marches

• media coverage

• hunger strike

B. Groups that assist in protecting human rights of citizens examples:

1. civil society organizations (e.g, CLO, CDHR, CRP, etc).

2. trade unions

3. student unions

4. ethnic associations

5. legal aid council

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. Guides students through discussion to explain how individual and groups can assist in protecting citizens rights.

2. Gives students assignments to identify groups that assist in protecting human rights of citizens.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Take part in class discussion ask question and take notes.

2. Carry out assignment on identifying groups and individual who assist in protecting citizens rights.

3. Participate in class discussion.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

 

1. explain how individual and groups help protect human rights of citizens.

2. identify four groups that assist in protecting the human rights of citizens.

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES

TOPIC 9 – THE RULE OF LAW

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Posters

2. Video clips

3. Books

4. Chart flyers, posters, pictures, flash cards.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. state and explain the meaning of law and the rule of law.

2. explains the benefits of the rule of law.

3. identify some offences for which an individual can be found guilty and punished under the law.

4. explain the meaning of the statement “the law is no respecter of persons”.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. The meaning of law and the rule of law

2. The benefits of the rule of law as against arbitrary rule

3. Punishment for breaking the law

4. Equality of all citizens before the law.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. Guides students through class discussion on the meaning of law and the rule of law.

2. Asks students to identify the benefits of the rule of law as against arbitrary rule.

3. Asks students to do an assignment finding out examples of offences for which an individual can be found guilty and punished under the law.

4. Organizes a class debate on the equality of all individuals before the law and guides the student.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES 

The students,

1. Take part in the guided discussion, ask questions and takes notes.

2. Identify the benefits of the rule of law as against arbitrary rule.

3. Do the assignment.

4. Participate in the debate.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

 

1. explain the meaning of law and the rule of law.

2. identify three benefits of the rule of law against arbitrary rule.

3. identify ten offences people can be found guilty of and punished under the law.

4. discuss the statement “The law is no respecter of persons”.

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES

TOPIC 10 – NATIONAL VALUES (CONTENTMENT) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. Moral instructional books

3. Corrupt practices and other related offences Act 2000

4. Cartoons.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. explain the meaning of contentment.

2. describe the attributes of contentment.

3. identify the consequences of lack of contentment.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of contentment

2. Attributes of contentment:

• Satisfaction

• Lack of envy

• Rejection of greed and corruption

• Humility, etc.

Effects of lack of contentment on society:

• Corruption

• Greed

• Envy

• Theft

• Prostitution

• Robbery

• Cheating, etc.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. Guides students to explain the meaning of contentment.

2. Ask students to compile local sayings, adage and proverbs that promote contentment.

3. Guides the students to dramatize the effects of lack of contentment in society.

4. Organize guest talk on lack of contentment.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Attend and listen guest talk.

2. Participate in discussion/ask question and write notes.

3. Identify effects of lack of contentment on the society. Carry out assignment of compiling local sayings, proverbs etc, to promote contentment.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

 

1. explain the meaning of contentment.

2. list three attributes of contentment.

3. list two adages and proverbs to support contentment.

4. state three consequences of lack of contentment.

 

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES

TOPIC 11 – NATIONAL VALUES (COURAGE) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Books

2. Pictures of heroes

3. Biographies

4. Recorded radio and TV programmes

5. Documentaries

6. Home videos

7. Newspaper Report

8. Posters

9. Cartoons

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. explain the meaning of courage.

2. identify types of courage (physical, moral and religious).

3. state the attributes of courageous individual/society.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of courage e.g exercise boldness in carrying out positive activities in community.

2. Types of Courage

• Physical courage – the willingness to exercise physical energy to get things done. 

• Moral courage – the ability to choose to do what is right irrespective of pressure to do otherwise.

• Spiritual courage (courage to exhibit ones spiritual faith and live according to its tenets).

3. Attributes of courageous persons:

 

• commitment

• endurance

• determination

• steadfastness

• diligence

• boldness

• bravery, etc.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. Guides students to:

• explain the meaning of courage.

• list types of courage and explain their meaning.

2. Guides discussion on demonstrations of different types of courage.

3. invites guest lecturers from relevant agencies, e.g ICPC, EFCC, Police etc. On the need for moral courage.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

 

1. Partcipate in class discussion, ask questions and write notes.

2. Listen to short stories courageous actions by heroes and heroines in their community.

3. write notes on courageous steps taken in school.

4. Partcipate in guest lectures.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

1. explain the meaning of courage.

2. list three types of courage.

3. state four attributes of courageous individuals in the society.

4. list two examples of class monitors that have taken courageous steps.

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES

TOPIC 12 – NATIONAL VALUES (DISCIPLINE) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Books

2. Posters

3. Cartoons

4. Relevant publications

5. Schools rules and regulations

6. Dictionary.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning of discipline.

 

2. list the attributes of a disciplined person.

3. state the benefits of disciplined behaviour.

4. discuss the consequences of indiscipline on the individual and the society.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of Discipline

2. Attributes of Discipline

• Self control

• Moderation 

• Modesty 

• Respect for legitimate authority

• Perseverance 

• Dedication, etc.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. Guided discussion on:

• the meaning of discipline.

• attributes of discipline.

• benefits of disciplined behaviour.

• consequences of undisciplined behaviour.

2. Asks students to narrate personal experiences that demonstrate some attributes of discipline and consequences of indiscipline.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Participate in class discussions, ask questions, take questions, take notes.

2. Narrate personal experiences on disciplined and undisciplined behaviour.

3. Role-play some attributes of discipline.

4. Write notes on discipline in school and the community.

5. Partcipate in development of check-list.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

 

1. define discipline.

2. state three attributes of discipline.

3. enumerate three benefits of discipline.

4. state two consequences of indiscipline.

 

CIVIC EDUCATION 

THEME – RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES 

TOPIC 13 – NATIONAL VALUES (INTEGRITY) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbooks

2. Newspapers

3. Magazines

4. Biographies

5. Documentaries

6. Folklore

7. Citations

8. Cartoons.

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. explain the meaning of integrity.

2. describe attributes of people of integrity.

3. discuss the need to have people of integrity in the society.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of integrity.

2. Attributes of integrity.

• Probity

• Honesty

• Contentment 

• Truthfulness 

• Fair play

• Non compromise of principles, etc.

3. examples of people of integrity in the society.

4. Need for people of integrity in the society, e.g. community development, peaceful co-existence models for the young ones, etc.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. Guides discussion on:

• Meaning of integrity

• Importance of integrity

• Consequences of lack of integrity.

2. Reads the citation of people of integrity and guides students to identify the special attributes of the people.

3. guides the students to compile folklore that teach the consequences of lack of integrity.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. Contribute to discussion, ask questions and take notes.

2. Identify people of integrity in their community, write essays defending their claims.

3. Compile folklores on integrity.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Students to,

 

1. explain the meaning of integrity.

2. state two attributes of integrity.

3. describe importance of having people of integrity in the community.

4. list two people of integrity in the community with justification.