Concept of Food and Nutrition | Sources of Food Nutrients | Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Primary 5 and Primary 6 Term 3 Week 2 Physical and Health Education

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION 

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

THIRD TERM

WEEK 2

PRIMARY 5 AND PRIMARY 6 

THEME: FOOD AND NUTRITION 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Revision of Term 2 – Second Term Physical and Health Education Plan Lesson Notes for Primary 5 (Basic 5) and Exam Questions – Second Term Examination Physical and Health Education Primary 5 (Basic 5) – PHE

TOPIC – FOOD NUTRIENTS AND NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY 

LEARNING AREA 

1. Introduction

2. Concept of Food Nutrients

3. Sources of Food Nutrients

4. Nutritional Deficiency Diseases and Symptoms

5. Lesson Evaluation and Weekly Assessment (Test)

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, most of the pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. describe the concepts of food nutrition and nutritional deficiency.

2 state the source of food Nutrients.

3. mention the source of nutritional diseases with appropriate symptoms.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Samples of food items.

2. Charts/photo graphs showing different kinds of foodstuff.

3. Photographs showing people suffering from nutritional deficiency diseases.

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Scheme of Work

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

Course Book

All Relevant Material

Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON 

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION

Foods are solid or liquid substances that gives essential nutrients to the body.

Nutrition is the substance in food and how it works in the body.

CONCEPT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION 

Food and Nutrition are the essential substance in food that help the body to function and grow well.

The concept of food and nutrition is the same as food nutrition.

SOURCES OF FOOD NUTRIENTS 

The source of food nutrients needs for the body to grow and function well are as follows:

1. Carbohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Fats and Oils

4. Minerals

5. Vitamins

6. Water

LESSON 2 – SOURCE OF FOOD NUTRIENTS

1. CARBOHYDRATES 

Carbohydrates are the food substances that give energy to the body.

They are also known as energy giving foods.

Good examples of foods that give our bodies energy are as follows:

• Rice

• Yam

• Bread

• Wheat

• Maize

• Sweet potatoes

• Amala

• Eba/garri, etc.

2. PROTEINS

Proteins are the food substances that build the body.

They are also called body building foods.

Good examples of foods that build our bodies are as follows:

• Beef

• Fish

• Eggs

• Cow milk

• Yoghurt

• Beans

• Pork, etc.

3. VITAMINS

Vitamins are the food substances that protect the body from getting sick or contacting diseases.

Good examples of foods that protect our bodies are as follows:

• Fruits

• Vegetables

4. MINERALS

Minerals are the food substances that makes the body to develop and function normally.

Good examples of foods that make our bodies to develop and function well are as follows:

• Milk

• Salts

• Red meat

• Fish

• Potatoes

• Rice, etc.

5. FATS AND OIL 

Fats and oils are the food substances that help to build nerve tissue and regulate hormones

Good examples of foods that help to build nerve tissue and regulate hormones are as follows:

• Salmon fish

• Groundnut

• Olive oil

• Skimmed milk

• Avocado

• Peanut butter

• Sardines, etc.

6. WATER 

This is very important. About 97% of our body is water.

Water helps the digestion of food and removal of waste products from the body through excretion, urinating, respiration and perspiration (sweating).

It also helps the flow of blood.

LESSON 3 – NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES 

The body needs different vitamins and minerals that are essential for both body development and preventing disease.

The main causes of nutritional deficiencies include a poor diet that lacks essential nutrients for the body such as proteins and vitamins.

Nutritional deficiency diseases are as follows:

• Kwashiorkor

• Rickets

• Pellagra

• Scurvy

1. KWASHIORKOR 

Kwashiorkor is one the world nutritional deficiency diseases caused by lack of protein.

It is also known as protein malnutrition.

The symptoms are distended abdomen, enlarged liver, thinning of the hair and coarse hair texture, easily dislodged teeth, and dermatitis.

2. RICKETS 

Rickets are the nutritional deficiency diseases caused by lack of vitamin D or calcium.

The symptoms are soft and weak bones in children.

 

3. PELLAGRA 

Pellagra are nutritional deficiency diseases caused by lack of vitamin B3 (low levels of niacin).

The symptoms are known as three Ds – dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis.

4. SCURVY 

Scurvy is the nutritional deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C in the diet.

The symptoms are weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Teacher organizes the pupils in groups or pair depending on the size of the class.

3. Teacher displays chart showing children with nutritional deficiency diseases.

4. Teacher asks pupils as a group or pair to examine and describe the condition of the children on the chart with appropriate examples or  illustrations.

Pupil’s Activities – Describe the causes of the children’s body images.

5. Teacher listen to the pupils and uses the chart and their responses to introduce the lesson.

Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction to understand the concept of the lesson.

6. Teacher leads a discussion on the meaning of food nutrition and its sources with appropriate examples.

Pupil’s Activities – Examples the meaning of food nutrition and state the source of food nutrients.

7. Teacher uses activity in step 4 to explain the meaning and symptoms of nutrition deficiency diseases.

Pupil’s Activities – Explain the meaning of nutritional deficiency diseases with appropriate examples and symptoms.

8. Teacher summarizes the lesson on the board with appropriate evaluation.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson and write as instructed.

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

• Next Lesson – Characteristics of Deficient People | Family Size and Its Effects on Nutrition Primary 5 and Primary 6 Term 3 Week 3 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils to,

1. describe the concepts of food and nutrition.

2. state 6 sources of food Nutrients.

3. explain the meaning of nutritional deficiency diseases.

4. mention 3 nutritional deficiency diseases.

5. state the causes of the following diseases,

• Kwashiorkor

• Rickets

• Pellagra

• Scurvy

6. recommended appropriate food nutrients for children suffering from the following diseases,

• Kwashiorkor

• Rickets

• Pellagra

• Scurvy