Drug Education: Drug Use and Its Consequences, Ways of Taking Drugs, Meaning, Types and Effects of Alcohol and Tobacco Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 10 Physical and Health Education

DRUG EDUCATION: DRUGS USE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES, WAYS OF TAKING DRUGS, MEANING, TYPES AND EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO 

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE)

PRIMARY 4 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 5

THEME – HEALTH EDUCATION (DRUG EDUCATION) 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Disease Preventive Measures: Meaning, Signs and Symptoms of Diseases, and Preventive Measures of Diseases Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 9 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – DRUG USE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Drug Use and Its Consequences

3. Ways of Taking Drugs

4. Meaning, Types and Effects of Alcohol and Tobacco

5. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

6. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of drugs.

2. Describe drug use and its consequences.

3. Mention the common ways drugs are taken.

4. Explain the meaning of alcohol and tobacco.

5. State the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco on health.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about disease preventive measures, signs and symptoms of diseases, and healthy habits that help to keep the body healthy.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by teaching pupils about the proper use of drugs, the consequences of drug misuse, and the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco on health. Pupils will also learn that medicines should only be taken under the guidance of a doctor or a responsible adult.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Charts showing medicines and harmful drugs

2. Pictures of alcohol and tobacco products

3. Flashcards

4. Whiteboard and marker

5. Relevant videos (optional)

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

People use medicines when they are sick, but drugs must be used correctly and only as directed by a doctor or responsible adult. Some substances, such as alcohol and tobacco, can be harmful when used, especially by children.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the meaning of drugs, drug use and its consequences, the ways drugs are taken, and the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco on health.

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF DRUGS

Drugs are substances or medicines used to prevent, treat, or relieve diseases when taken correctly as prescribed by a doctor or other qualified health worker.

DRUG USE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

Drug use is the act of taking drugs or medicines to treat or prevent illness.

CONSEQUENCES OF WRONG DRUG USE (DRUG MISUSE)

1. It can make a person seriously ill.

2. It may damage important body organs such as the liver and kidneys.

3. It can cause drug addiction or dependence.

4. It may lead to poisoning.

5. It can result in death if drugs are wrongly used.

WAYS OF TAKING DRUGS

1. By mouth (Oral) – Swallowing tablets, capsules, or syrups.

2. By injection – Using a syringe and needle.

3. By inhalation – Breathing in medicine through the nose or mouth.

4. By rubbing on the skin (Topical application) – Applying creams or ointments.

5. By eye, ear, or nose drops – Putting medicine into the eyes, ears, or nose.

LESSON 2 – MEANING OF ALCOHOL

Alcohol is a harmful substance found in alcoholic drinks that affects the brain and body, especially when taken in large amounts or by children.

TYPES OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS

• Beer

• Wine

• Gin

• Whisky

• Local alcoholic drinks

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

1. It damages the brain.

2. It causes poor judgment.

3. It may lead to accidents.

4. It damages the liver.

5. It can cause addiction.

6. It reduces concentration and learning ability.

LESSON 3 – MEANING OF TOBACCO

Tobacco is a harmful plant product used in making cigarettes, cigars, and other smoking products.

TYPES OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS

• Cigarettes

• Cigars

• Pipe tobacco

• Snuff

• Chewing tobacco

EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

1. It damages the lungs.

2. It causes coughing and breathing problems.

3. It can cause lung cancer.

4. It causes bad breath and stained teeth.

5. It can lead to addiction.

6. It harms both the smoker and people nearby through second-hand smoke.

WHY CHILDREN SHOULD AVOID ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO

1. They are harmful to health.

2. They affect growth and development.

3. They reduce learning ability.

4. They can cause addiction.

5. They may lead to serious diseases and early death.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Drugs are substances used to ______.

A. prevent, treat, or relieve diseases

B. make people sick

C. spoil food

D. damage the body

2. Which of the following is a way of taking drugs?

A. Throwing them away

B. Sleeping on them

C. Hiding them

D. By mouth

3. Which of the following is an alcoholic drink?

A. Milk

B. Beer

C. Water

D. Fruit juice

4. Which part of the body is mainly damaged by tobacco smoking?

A. Lungs

B. Hair

C. Nails

D. Fingers

5. Children should avoid alcohol and tobacco because they ______.

A. improve learning

B. help children grow faster

C. are harmful to health

D. make children stronger

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. Drugs used correctly help to ______ diseases.

7. One common way of taking drugs is by ______.

8. ______ is a harmful substance found in alcoholic drinks.

9. Cigarettes are made from ______.

10. Tobacco smoking can damage the ______.

C. True or False

11. Drugs should only be used as directed by a doctor or responsible adult. ______

12. Alcohol is safe for children to drink. ______

13. Tobacco can cause lung diseases. ______

14. Medicines should not be shared with other people without medical advice. ______

15. Wrong use of drugs can be harmful to health. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Oral – A. Cigarettes

17. Injection – B. By mouth

18. Alcohol – C. By syringe and needle

19. Tobacco – D. Harmful drink

20. Smoking – E. Damages the lungs

ANSWER KEYS

1. A – Prevent, treat, or relieve diseases

2. D – By mouth

3. B – Beer

4. A – Lungs

5. C – Are harmful to health

6. Treat

7. Mouth (Orally)

8. Alcohol

9. Tobacco

10. Lungs

11. True

12. False

13. True

14. True

15. True

16. B – By mouth

17. C – By syringe and needle

18. D – Harmful drink

19. A – Cigarettes

20. E – Damages the lungs

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that drugs are substances or medicines used to prevent, treat, or relieve diseases when used correctly and as prescribed by a doctor or other qualified health worker.

They also learned that wrong use or misuse of drugs can have harmful consequences, such as illness, drug addiction, damage to body organs, poisoning, and even death.

Pupils identified the common ways of taking drugs, including:

• By mouth (oral)

• By injection

• By inhalation

• By rubbing on the skin (topical application)

• By eye, ear, or nose drops

They also learned that alcohol is a harmful substance found in alcoholic drinks, while tobacco is a harmful plant product used in making cigarettes and other smoking products.

Finally, pupils understood that alcohol and tobacco are harmful to children because they can damage the brain, lungs, and other body organs, reduce learning ability, cause addiction, and lead to serious health problems. Therefore, children should avoid alcohol and tobacco and use medicines only under the guidance of a doctor or a responsible adult.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher asks pupils to mention some medicines they have seen or taken when they were sick and discusses why medicines are used.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention some common medicines and explain why people take them.

Step 2: Meaning of Drugs – The teacher explains the meaning of drugs and the importance of using medicines correctly.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of drugs in their own words.

Step 3: Drug Use and Its Consequences – The teacher explains the proper use of drugs and discusses the consequences of drug misuse.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify the consequences of wrong drug use.

Step 4: Ways of Taking Drugs – The teacher explains the different ways drugs are taken:

• By mouth

• By injection

• By inhalation

• By rubbing on the skin

• By eye, ear, or nose drops

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention the different ways drugs are taken.

Step 5: Meaning, Types, and Effects of Alcohol and Tobacco – The teacher explains the meaning of alcohol and tobacco, gives examples, and discusses their harmful effects on health.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify examples of alcohol and tobacco products and explain their harmful effects.

Step 6: Group Activity – The teacher divides pupils into groups and asks each group to discuss:

• The proper use of drugs.

• The harmful effects of alcohol.

• The harmful effects of tobacco.

• Each group presents its findings to the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils discuss in groups and present their answers.

Step 7: Lesson Summary – The teacher reviews the meaning of drugs, the consequences of drug misuse, the ways of taking drugs, and the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils summarize the lesson by answering oral questions.

Step 8: Evaluation – The teacher asks oral and written questions to assess pupils’ understanding of the lesson.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the questions and participate actively in the lesson evaluation.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Drug Education: Effects of Drug Abuse on Individuals, Families and Society, NAFDAC-Registered Medicines and Herbal Medicines Primary 4 (Basic 4) Third Term Week 11 Physical and Health Education

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What are drugs?

2. Mention five ways of taking drugs.

3. State five consequences of the wrong use of drugs.

4. What is alcohol?

5. Mention three types of alcoholic drinks.

6. State five harmful effects of alcohol.

7. What is tobacco?

8. Mention three types of tobacco products.

9. State five harmful effects of tobacco.

10. Explain why children should avoid alcohol and tobacco.