Food and Nutrition: Meaning of Family Size and Its Effects on Nutrition, Meaning and Characteristics of Nutritionally Deficient People Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 3 Physical and Health Education

FOOD AND NUTRITION: MEANING OF FAMILY SIZE AND THE EFFECTS OF FAMILY SIZE ON NUTRITION, MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENT PEOPLE 

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE)

PRIMARY 5 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 3

THEME – FOOD AND NUTRITION 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Food and Nutrition: Meaning and Sources of Food Nutrients, Meaning and Characteristics of Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Primary 5 (Basic 5) Third Term Week 2 Physical and Health Education

TOPIC – FOOD NUTRITION AND NUTRITION DEFICIENT PEOPLE 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Family Size and Its Effects on Nutrition

3. Meaning and Characteristics of Nutritionally Deficient People

4. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

5. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of family size.

2. State the effects of family size on nutrition.

3. Explain the meaning of a nutritionally deficient person.

4. Identify the characteristics of nutritionally deficient people.

5. Explain the importance of eating a balanced diet.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about food and nutrition, the sources of food nutrients, and nutritional deficiency diseases. They learned that eating a balanced diet helps the body grow well and prevents diseases caused by lack of nutrients.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by teaching pupils how family size can affect the amount and quality of food available for family members and how poor nutrition can lead to nutritional deficiency in people.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Charts showing different family sizes

2. Pictures of balanced and unbalanced meals

3. Pictures of healthy and malnourished children

4. Flashcards

5. Whiteboard and marker

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Every family needs good food to stay healthy and strong. The number of people in a family is called the family size. Family size can affect the amount and quality of food available for each family member. When a family is very large and the available food is not enough, some members may not get the nutrients their bodies need.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the meaning of family size, the effects of family size on nutrition, the meaning of nutritionally deficient people, and the characteristics of people who do not get enough nutrients from their food.

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF FOOD AND NUTRITION

Food is any substance that people eat or drink to provide the body with nutrients needed for growth, energy, repair of worn-out tissues, and good health. Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in and uses food nutrients for growth, energy, repair of body tissues, and maintaining good health.

MEANING OF FAMILY SIZE

Family size is the number of people living together as members of the same family.

A family may be:

• Small family – A family with few members.

• Large family – A family with many members.

EFFECTS OF FAMILY SIZE ON NUTRITION

1. Positive Effects of a Small Family

• There is enough food for everyone.

• Family members can eat balanced meals regularly.

• Parents can provide healthy food more easily.

• Children are less likely to suffer from malnutrition.

• Good health and proper growth are encouraged.

2. Effects of a Large Family

• Food may not be enough for everyone.

• Family members may not eat balanced meals regularly.

• Some children may suffer from malnutrition.

• Parents may find it difficult to provide nutritious food.

• Poor nutrition can affect children’s growth and health.

LESSON 2 – MEANING OF NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT PEOPLE

Nutritionally deficient people are people who do not get enough nutrients from the food they eat because they do not eat a balanced diet or enough food.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT PEOPLE

1. Poor growt

2. Being underweight

3. Weak body

4. Tiredness or lack of energy

5. Frequent illness

6. Pale skin

7. Dry or rough hair

8. Poor concentration in school

9. Swollen stomach in severe cases

10..Slow healing of wounds

11. Poor eyesight in some cases

12. Thin arms and legs

HOW TO PREVENT NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

1. Eat a balanced diet every day.

2. Eat fruits and vegetables regularly.

3. Drink clean and safe water.

4. Maintain good personal hygiene.

5. Avoid skipping meals.

6. Visit the hospital when sick.

7. Parents should provide nutritious meals for the family.

8. Practise proper food storage and preparation.

LESSON 3 – WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT 

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Family size means the ______.

A. amount of food in a house

B. number of people in a family

C. size of a house

D. age of parents

2. A small family is more likely to have ______.

A. enough food for everyone

B. no food

C. unhealthy meals

D. poor hygiene

3. A nutritionally deficient person is someone who ______.

A. eats enough balanced food

B. gets enough nutrients

C. does not get enough nutrients

D. exercises every day

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a nutritionally deficient person?

A. Strong body

B. Poor growth

C. Healthy skin

D. Plenty of energy

5. One way to prevent nutritional deficiency is to ______.

A. skip meals

B. eat only sweets

C. avoid vegetables

D. eat a balanced diet

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. ______ is the number of people living together as members of the same family.

7. A family with many members is called a ______ family.

8. People who do not get enough nutrients are called ______ deficient people.

9. Eating a ______ diet helps prevent nutritional deficiency.

10. A nutritionally deficient person may feel ______ most of the time.

C. True or False

11. Family size cannot affect nutrition. ______

12. A balanced diet helps prevent nutritional deficiency. ______

13. Stable growth is a characteristic of a nutritionally deficient person. ______

14. A small family always has enough food for everyone. ______

15. Fruits and vegetables are important for good nutrition. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Family size – A. Food may not be enough for everyone

17. Balanced diet – B. Person who lacks enough nutrients

18. Nutritionally deficient person – C. Helps prevent nutritional deficiency

19. Poor growth – D. Number of people in a family

20. Large family – E. Poor growth

ANSWER KEYS

1. B – Number of people in a family

2. A – Enough food for everyone

3. C – Does not get enough nutrients

4. B – Poor growth

5. D – Eat a balanced diet

6. Family size

7. large

8. nutritionally

9. balanced

10. tired

11. False

12. True

13. False

14. True

15. True

16. D – Number of people in a family

17. C – Helps prevent nutritional deficiency

18. B – Person who lacks enough nutrients

19. E – Poor growth

20. A – Food may not be enough for everyone

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that family size is the number of people living together as members of the same family.

They also learned that family size affects nutrition. A small family is more likely to have enough food and balanced meals for everyone, while a large family may experience food shortages, making it difficult for all family members to receive adequate nutrients.

Pupils learned that nutritionally deficient people are people who do not get enough nutrients from the food they eat because they do not eat a balanced diet or enough food.

They identified the characteristics of nutritionally deficient people, including:

• Poor growth

• Being underweight

• Weak body

• Tiredness

• Frequent illness

• Pale skin

• Dry or rough hair

• Poor concentration

• Swollen stomach in severe cases

• Slow healing of wounds

Finally, pupils learned that nutritional deficiency can be prevented by eating a balanced diet, eating fruits and vegetables regularly, drinking clean water, maintaining good hygiene, avoiding skipping meals, and visiting the hospital when necessary.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction – The teacher asks pupils to mention the number of people in their families and discusses how food is shared among family members.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention the number of people in their families and participate in the discussion.

Step 2: Meaning of Family Size – The teacher explains the meaning of family size and distinguishes between a small family and a large family.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the meaning of family size in their own words.

Step 3: Effects of Family Size on Nutrition – The teacher explains how family size affects the quantity and quality of food available to family members.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention the effects of small and large family sizes on nutrition.

Step 4: Meaning of Nutritionally Deficient People – The teacher explains the meaning of nutritionally deficient people and discusses the causes of nutritional deficiency.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain who nutritionally deficient people are.

Step 5: Characteristics of Nutritionally Deficient People – The teacher displays pictures and explains the characteristics of nutritionally deficient people, such as poor growth, weakness, tiredness, underweight, pale skin, and frequent illness.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils identify and mention the characteristics of nutritionally deficient people.

Step 6: Group Activity – The teacher divides the class into four groups and assigns the following activities:

• Group 1: Explain the meaning of family size and identify small and large families.

• Group 2: Discuss the effects of family size on nutrition.

• Group 3: Identify the characteristics of nutritionally deficient people from pictures.

• Group 4: Suggest ways of preventing nutritional deficiency.

Each group presents its work before the class.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils discuss, complete their tasks, and present their findings.

Step 7: Lesson Summary – The teacher reviews the meaning of family size, its effects on nutrition, the meaning of nutritionally deficient people, and their characteristics.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer oral questions and summarise the lesson.

Step 8: Evaluation – The teacher asks oral and written questions to assess pupils’ understanding of family size, nutrition, and nutritional deficiency.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the evaluation questions and participate actively in the lesson.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

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LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is family size?

2. Mention two types of family size.

3. State four effects of family size on nutrition.

4. Who is a nutritionally deficient person?

5. Mention five characteristics of nutritionally deficient people.

6. Why is it important for every family member to eat a balanced diet?

7. Mention four ways to prevent nutritional deficiency.

8. State three effects of poor nutrition on children.

9. Explain how a large family can affect the nutrition of its members.

10. Mention five foods that can help prevent nutritional deficiency.