Forces: Meaning and Examples of Force (Push and Pull), Evidence and Effects of Force Primary 6 (Basic 6) Third Term Week 5 Basic Science and Technology

FORCES: MEANING AND EXAMPLES OF FORCE (PUSH AND PULL), EVIDENCE AND EFFECTS OF FORCE 

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PRIMARY 6 – THIRD TERM – WEEK 5

THEME – LEARNING ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Simple Machines (Inclined Plane): Meaning, Examples and Advantages of the Inclined Plane, and How to Make an Inclined Plane Primary 6 (Basic 6) Third Term Week 4 Basic Science And Technology

TOPIC – FORCES (PUSH AND PULL) 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Examples of Force (Push and Pull)

3. Evidence and Effects of Force

4. Weekly Assessment: Test Questions and Answers/Assignment

5. Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define force.

2. Explain the meaning of push and pull as examples of force.

3. Identify examples of force in everyday life.

4. State the evidence of force.

5. Explain the effects of force on objects.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have previously learned about simple machines such as levers, pulleys, and inclined planes. They know that these machines make work easier by helping people lift, move, or carry objects.

This lesson builds on that knowledge by introducing force, which is the push or pull used to move or stop objects. Pupils will learn that force is needed for simple machines and for many everyday activities.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Football

2. Toy car

3. Rope

4. Spring

5. Door

6. Wheelbarrow

7. Charts showing push and pull activities

8. Textbooks

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

INTRODUCTION

Every day, we push and pull different objects. We push a door to open it, pull a bucket from a well, kick a football, or pull a chair closer to us. These actions involve force.

Force helps objects move, stop, change direction, or change shape. Without force, many of our daily activities would not be possible.

In this lesson, pupils will learn the meaning of force, examples of force (push and pull), the evidence of force, and the effects of force on objects.

MEANING OF FORCE

A force is a push or a pull applied to an object. Force is needed to move, stop, lift, or change the direction of an object.

Force helps us carry out many activities every day.

EXAMPLES OF FORCE

There are two main examples of force:

1. Push

A push is a force used to move an object away from you.

Examples of Push:

• Pushing a door to open it.

• Pushing a shopping trolley.

• Pushing a wheelbarrow.

• Pushing a toy car.

• Kicking a football.

• Pushing a table.

2. Pull

A pull is a force used to bring an object towards you.

Examples of Pull:

• Pulling a door to close or open it.

• Pulling a bucket from a well.

• Pulling a drawer.

• Pulling a rope.

• Pulling a suitcase.

• Pulling a chair closer.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUSH AND PULL

1. A push moves an object away from you, while a pull brings an object towards you.

2. A push is used to open a door by pushing it, while a pull is used to open or close a door by pulling it.

3. A push moves an object forward, while a pull brings an object closer.

EVIDENCE OF FORCE

We know that a force is acting when we observe any of the following:

1. An object starts moving.

2. A moving object stops.

3. An object changes direction.

4. An object changes speed.

5. An object changes its shape or size.

EFFECTS OF FORCE

Force can produce the following effects:

1. Force can move a stationary object.

• Example: Pushing a toy car makes it move.

2. Force can stop a moving object.

• Example: Catching a moving ball stops it.

3. Force can change the direction of an object.

• Example: Hitting a football changes its direction.

4. Force can change the speed of an object.

• Example: Pedalling a bicycle faster increases its speed.

5. Force can change the shape of an object.

• Example: Squeezing a sponge or stretching a rubber band changes its shape.

6. Force can lift or lower an object.

• Example: Lifting a school bag from the floor.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ASSIGNMENT

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Force is a ________.

A. colour

B. machine

C. shape

D. push or pull

2. Which of the following is an example of a push?

A. Pulling a drawer

B. Pulling a bucket from a well

C. Pushing a wheelbarrow

D. Pulling a rope

3. Which of the following is an example of a pull?

A. Pushing a shopping trolley

B. Kicking a football

C. Pulling a suitcase

D. Pushing a table

4. Which of the following is an effect of force?

A. It can move an object.

B. It changes the colour of an object.

C. It makes an object disappear.

D. It changes the weather.

5. Which of the following shows evidence of force?

A. An object changes direction.

B. An object remains in the same position.

C. A book remains on a table.

D. A chair remains still.

B. Fill in the Blanks

6. A force is a __________ or a __________.

7. A __________ moves an object away from you.

8. A __________ brings an object towards you.

9. Force can change the __________ of an object.

10. Force can change the __________ of an object.

C. True or False

11. Force can stop a moving object. ______

12. Pulling a rope is an example of a push. ______

13. A force can change the direction of an object. ______

14. Kicking a football is an example of applying force. ______

15. Force cannot change the shape of an object. ______

D. Match Column A with Column B

Column A – Column B

16. Push – A. Brings an object towards you

17. Pull – B. Moves an object away from you

18. Kicking a football – C. Changes the direction of the ball

19. Squeezing a sponge – D. Stops the ball

20. Catching a moving ball – E. Changes the shape of the sponge

ANSWER KEYS

1. D – Push or pull

2. C – Pushing a wheelbarrow

3. C – Pulling a suitcase

4. A – It can move an object.

5. A – An object changes direction.

6. Push, pull

7. Push

8. Pull

9. Direction

10. Shape

11. True

12. False

13. True

14. True

15. False

16. B – Push → Moves an object away from you

17. A – Pull → Brings an object towards you

18. C – Kicking a football → Changes the direction of the ball

19. E – Squeezing a sponge → Changes the shape of the sponge

20. D – Catching a moving ball → Stops the ball

SUMMARY

In this lesson, pupils learned that force is a push or a pull applied to an object. They learned that force is needed to move, stop, lift, or change the direction of an object.

Pupils identified the two main examples of force:

• Push – moves an object away from a person.

• Pull – brings an object towards a person.

They also learned the evidence of force, which includes an object starting to move, stopping, changing direction, changing speed, or changing shape.

Finally, pupils learned the effects of force, such as moving a stationary object, stopping a moving object, changing the direction or speed of an object, changing the shape of an object, and lifting or lowering objects. They concluded that force is used in many everyday activities and is important in carrying out work efficiently.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. The teacher displays objects such as a ball, toy car, rope, door, and wheelbarrow and demonstrates pushing and pulling them.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe the demonstration and identify actions that involve pushing and pulling.

2. The teacher explains the meaning of force as a push or a pull.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils define force in their own words.

3. The teacher explains the examples of force (push and pull) using familiar classroom and home activities.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils mention examples of push and pull from their daily lives.

4. The teacher explains the evidence of force, showing how force can make objects move, stop, change direction, change speed, or change shape.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils observe and identify the evidence of force during the demonstration.

5. The teacher discusses the effects of force on objects using practical examples.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils explain the different effects of force and give examples.

6. The teacher asks oral questions based on the lesson.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils answer the questions and participate actively in the discussion.

7. The teacher summarizes the lesson.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils participate in the summary and write the key points in their notebooks.

8. The teacher gives classwork, marks pupils’ responses, and provides corrections where necessary.

Pupils’ Activities: Pupils complete the exercise and correct their mistakes.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

Forces: Meaning and Examples of Force (Push and Pull), Evidence and Effects of Force Primary 6 (Basic 6) Third Term Week 5 Basic Science and Technology

LESSON EVALUATION 

Teacher asks pupils,

1. What is force?

2. State the two main examples of force.

3. Explain the difference between a push and a pull.

4. Mention five examples of push and pull in everyday life.

5. State five pieces of evidence that show a force is acting on an object.

6. Mention five effects of force on objects.

7. Explain how force is used in our daily activities.

8. Demonstrate one example each of a push and a pull using objects in the classroom.