Home Economics JSS 1 Curriculum Guides – Family Needs, Goals and Standards | Puberty, Adolescence, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS l Healthy Feeding and Eating Practices and Drug Abuse | Production of Clothing and Household Articles, Craft, Cleaning Agents and Polish
THEME – FAMILY LIVING AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
TOPIC 1 – FAMILY NEEDS, GOALS AND STANDARDS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Charts on family needs, goals and standards
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of family needs.
2. list family needs e.g. food,.clothing, shelter, etc.
3. explain the meaning of family goals and standards.
4. discuss the relationship among the family needs, goals and standards.
5. explain family resource management.
6. state the ways family needs, goals and standard help in family resource management.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
FOCUS LESSONS
MEANING AND TYPES OF FAMILY NEEDS AND WANTS
Family is a group of people that are related by blood. It is the responsibility of all the members of the family to take care of another especially the elderly ones.
Family needs are the essential things that are necessary for the well being of all the members of the family such as physical needs, emotional needs and social wellbeing being of the family.
Examples,
1. Physical needs are food, cloth, shelter, good health and security.
2. Emotional needs are love, care, support, assistance, etc.
3. Social needs are sharing, working, rules and regulations, etc.
Family wants are the unlimited desire of the family that are not certain or necessary.
MEANING OF FAMILY GOALS AND STANDARDS
Family goals are desirable targets set by the family to accomplish over a period of time, mostly between three to five years.
It is what the family intend achieve within a set time. Thes goals are achievable based on their needs or wants.
Family standards is the level of quality or quantity they have achieved, accomplished or attained. It measures the outcomes and methods of achieving the family goals.
USES OF FAMILY NEEDS, GOALS AND STANDARD IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Family resource management is the efficient and effective allocation available resources for development purposes or to achieve desirable needs, goals or standards.
Uses of family needs, goals and standards in resource management are as follows:
1. It minimizes cost and maximizes profits.
2. It helps to makes proper planning, budgeting, financing, allocating, etc.
3. It helps to set goals and priorities.
4. It increases family values.
5. It improves and maintains family standards.
6. It guarantees family basic needs.
7. It increases and improves the family standard of living.
8. It strengthens the family bond.
LESSON PRESENTATION
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES
The teacher,
1. explains the meaning of family needs, goals and standards.
2. leads class in discussion.
3. summarizes the lesson on the board and gives students assignment.
STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES
The students,
1. participate in the discussion.
2. give examples of individual goals and standards.
3. copy the board summary.
LESSON EVALUATION
Teacher asks students to,
1. explain the meaning of family need, goal and standard.
2. state two examples of family needs.
3. differentiate among family needs, goals and standard.
4. enumerate any five family goals.
5. explain the meaning of family standard.
6. state the ways family needs, goals and standard help in family resource management.
THEME – FAMILY LIVING AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
TOPIC 2 – PUBERTY, ADOLESCENCE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI’S), HIV/AIDS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Charts and pictures on puberty, adolescence and people infected with STI’s and HIV/AIDS.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of puberty and adolescence.
2. describe the signs of puberty in boys and girls.
3. discuss the needs and challenges of the adolescent.
4. explain the meaning, causes, signs and
preventionof sexually transmitted infection(STI’s) and HIV/AIDS.5. enumerate the rights of the child.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
FOCUS LESSONS
MEANING OF PUBERTY AND ADOLESCENCE
PUBERTY
Puberty is the stage of development in child’s body mature into young adults.
For example – Development of breast and menstruation is one of the signs of puberty in Girls while growing of beard is one of the signs of puberty in Boys.
ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is the period between childhood to adulthood that occurs between ages 13 and 19. These changes take place and often start earlier, during the preteen or “tween” years: ages 9 and 12.
SIGNS OF PUBERTY
1. Breaking of the voice and discharge from private part (boys).
2. Development of breast, hip and menstruation (girls).
3. Growth of public hair (boys and girls).
CHANGES IN BOYS AND GIRLS
1. Girls initially grow taller than boys.
2. Growth of hairs in boys and girls pubic areas.
3. Changes in the voice of boys.
4. The hips of girls get broader.
5. The shoulder boys get broader.
6. The breasts of girls develop.
7. Girls menstruation begin.
8. Boys starts producing semen.
NEEDS OF THE ADOLESCENT
1. Needs for security.
2. Needs for Love.
3. Needs for approval.
4. Needs for freedom and independence.
5. Needs for sexual satisfaction.
6. Needs for support and guidance from their peers, parents and teachers.
7. Needs for self-expression and achievement.
CHALLENGES OF THE ADOLESCENT
1. Physical changes
2. Self-concept
3. Social attitude
4. Addiction
5. Anger, aggression and violence
6. Health problems
7. Educational challenges
8. Emotional changes and problems
9. Emotional behaviour
10. Substance use and abuse
11.Peer and family relationships
12. Social problems – dating and relationships
13. Romantic and sexual relationships
PERSONAL HYGIENE
Personal hygiene is (deals with) the total cleanliness of the body.
Personal hygiene includes:
1. Bathing,
2. Washing your hands,
3. Keeping your hair clean,
4. Brushing your teeth, etc.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI’s) AND HIV/AIDS
Sexual transmitted infections (diseases) are communicable diseases. For example – gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV/AIDs, etc. These diseases are passed from one person to another through sexual contact.
It is mostly written as STIs or STDs.
HIV – Human Immune – deficiency Virus causes AIDS and interferes with the body’s ability to fight infections. This virus destroys parts of the white blood cells. White blood cell is the body’s fighting disease immune system.
AIDS – Acquired Immune – deficiency Syndromes. It is final life threatening stage of HIV infection.
HIV/AIDS can be contracted through the following sources –
1. Sexual intercourse.
2. Exchange of body – piercing objects, such as pins, needles, syringes, clippers, and razors.
3. Contact with blood or wounded person with HIV/AIDS.
4. Blood transfusion.
NOTE:
1. AIDS cannot be contacted from food, water, handshake, toilet, furniture or telephone.
2. There is no cure yet for AIDS.
3. The best way to prevent it is not to have sexual intercourse outside marriage.
FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RIGHTS OF A CHILD
FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN HUMAN RIGHTS
Human rights is the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more without any discrimination.
Human rights is an entitlement for everyone.
THE RIGHTS OF A CHILD
Children’s rights are human rights. Children must be treated with equality, respect and dignity, not because they are “the future” or the “adults of tomorrow”, but because they are human beings today. All humans are born inherent with fundamental freedoms and rights.
Continue Reading – Child Rights International Network
Children’s rights are as follows:
1. The right to health
2. The right to education
3. The right to family life, play and recreation,
4. The right to an adequate standard of living and to be protected from abuse and harm, etc.
LESSON PRESENTATION
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES
The teacher,
1. explains the meaning of puberty and, adolescence, STI’s and HIV/AIDS, human rights.
2. leads students on discussion on the issues explained.
3. summarizes the lesson on the board and gives students assignment.
STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES
The students,
1. participate actively in discussion.
2. copy the board summary.
LESSON EVALUATION
Teacher asks students to,
1. explain the meaning of puberty.
2. explain the meaning of adolescence.
3. state three each, of the signs of puberty in boys and girls.
4. state three hygiene guides for an adolescent.
5. state three causes of STI’s.
6. list three rights of a child.
THEME – FOOD AND NUTRITION
TOPIC 3 – HEALTHY FEEDING AND EATING PRACTICES
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
1. Charts of persons suffering from the effects of eating too much.
2. Charts and poster showing substances that are harmful to the body.
3. Charts and posters showing a drunkard and a drug abuser.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. mention healthy feeding and eating practices.
2. state the effects of healthy feeding practices.
3. state the effects of healthy eating habits.
4. identify food additives and harmful substance that should not be taken into the body.
5. state the effects of harmful substances in the body.
6. define drug abuse and effects on human beings.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
FOCUS LESSONS
HEALTHY FEEDING PRACTICES
Healthy feeding is the practice of choosing adequate and balanced diet. It protects us against many chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
Healthy feeding practice includes –
1. Eat adequate diet.
2. Use foods in season.
3. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables.
4. Do not skip breakfast.
5. Drink a lot of water.
6. Reduce the amount of sugar and salt consume daily.
7. Eat healthy snacks and drinks.
8. Get diet low cholesterol and saturated fat.
9. Let your meals on higher fibre starchy carbohydrates.
10. Eat adequate diet.
HEALTHY EATING HABITS
1. Washing hands before and after eating.
2. Taking a small quantity of food at a time.
3. Chewing food properly.
4. Talking (if you have to) without food in the mouth.
EFFECTS OF UNHEALTHY FEEDING PRACTICES
1. Stomach ache
2. Occurrence of some disorders in the body. E.g. marasmus, kwashiorkor and obesity.
3. Stunted growth
4. Irregular eating practice
EFFECTS OF UNHEALTHY EATING HABITS
1. Stomach ache
2. Overweight
3. Tooth decay
4. High blood pressure
5. High cholesterol
6. Heart disease and stroke
7. Type-2 diabetes
8. Cancers
FOOD ADDITIVES
Food additives are substances added to food to enhance or to retain the food flavour and its appearance. Also, substances are added to maintain, improve or preserve the freshness, taste, texture, or appearance.
USES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
The uses of food additives are as follows:
1. To enhance the food flavour.
2. To retain the food appearance.
3. To retain the food freshness.
4. To preserve the food taste and texture.
5. To prevent the food from pests and insects.
FOOD CONTAMINANTS OR CONTAMINATED FOOD
Food Contaminants or contaminated food are foods that are not good for consumption.
HARMFUL SUBSTANCES THAT SHOULD NOT BE CONSUMED
1. Stale foods
2. Poorly cooked or undercooked food
3. Rotten food
4. Infested food
5. Expired food
6. Expired drugs
7. Unripe or spoilt fruits
8. Impure water
9. Banned additives
EFFECTS OF EATING CONTAMINATED FOOD
1. Running stomach
2. Vomiting
3. Weaken body
4. Contact diseases
5. Sickness
6. Stooling
MEANING OF DRUG ABUSE
Drug abuse is the wrong (misuse) of drugs to get self drive.
Drugs used this ways are not prescribed by doctors, nurses or pharmacists.
There are substances that are regular as drugs. Substances are in solid, liquid and gas form.
For example – coffee, palm wine, alcohol, indian hemp, tobacco, codeine, etc. and including poison.
These substances are very dangerous if abuse because they affect the body and mind.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE IN THE BODY
1. Persistent or chronic cough
2. Lung and brain damage
3. Bleeding from the lungs
4. Asthma (difficult to breathe)
5. Swelling legs and feet
6. Fatigue
7. Vision problems
8. Heart failure
9. Paralysis
10. Stroke, etc.
LESSON PRESENTATION
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES
The teacher,
1. discusses healthy feeding and eating practices.
2. demonstrates good feeding and eating practices.
3. discusses the effects of unhealthy feeding and eating practices.
4. explains food additives and contaminants.
5. discusses harmful substances that should not be taken into the body.
6. discusses effects of drug abuse.
7. discusses diagrams of harmful substances.
8. summarizes the lesson on the board.
STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES
The students,
1. participates in the class discussion.
2. discuss effects of talking while eating, eating too much and drinking water while eating.
3. dramatize the effects of harmful substances to the body.
4. display and identify diagrams of harmful substances.
5. copy the board summary.
LESSON EVALUATION
Teacher asks students to,
1. mention two healthy feeding practices.
2. list two effects of overeating.
3. mention three uses of food additives.
4. mention three substance that are harmful to the body.
5. state two effects of harmful substances to the body.
6. state the effects of drug abuse.
THEME – CLOTHING AND TEXTILES
TOPIC 4 – PRODUCTION OF CLOTHING AND HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES/CRAFTS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
1. Finished apron, cap, tray cloth and needle work bag, handkerchief, some ready made crafts.
2. Materials tools and equipment for making crafts.
3. Pieces of calico/baft cloth, thread, needle, sewing kit.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. list household articles.
2. discuss how to produce simple articles like apron, cap, tray cloth, needle-work bag, handkerchief.
3. list tools, equipment and materials for making simple household articles and craft items.
4. make simple household articles and crafts for sale.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
FOCUS LESSONS
HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES AND CRAFTS
Household articles and crafts are items or crafts that can be produced locally mostly for household or personal use.
SIMPLE RELEVANT HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES AND CRAFTS
1. Face mask
2. Head rest
3. Table mat
4. Napkin
5. Purse
6. Arm rest
7. Hand bag
8. Chair and table
9. Basket
10. Assorted puffs
11. Purse
12. Shopping
13. Curtain holder
14. Handkerchief
15. Pot holders,
16. Dye and tie, etc.
TOOL AND EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING SIMPLE ARTICLES AND CRAFTS
1. Needle
2. Knife
3. Cutlass
4. Plier
5. Scissor, etc.
MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING SIMPLE ARTICLES AND CRAFTS
1.Paper
2. Clay
3. Straw
4. Glass
5. Cement
6. Ceramic
7. Stones, wood, bamboo, can, bottles, plastic, etc.
CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLE RELEVANT ARTICLES
Teacher organizes simple construct activities such as,
1. Apron
2. Cap
3. Needlework bag
4. Head rest
5. Table mat
6. Puffs, purse, curtain holder, bibs, armrest, shopping bag, napkins and handkerchief, head-tie.
PRODUCTION OF INCOME YIELDING CRAFTS
Income yielding crafts are craft items that are produced for sales. For example, beads, apron and cap, baskets, bags, pots, artworks, etc.
These craft items are produced with hands and special skills in return exchange for money. Some of these crafts can be used for decoration of self or the home.
IMPORTANCE OF INCOME YIELDING CRAFTS
The importance of income yielding craft are:
1. It generate income (money).
2. It represents cultural heritage.
3. It is an original version of foreign made good.
4. It reveals individual creativity.
5. It encourages the use of local made products.
6. It give people sense of belongings.
LESSON PRESENTATION
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES
The teacher,
1. lists the simple household articles and crafts.
2. discusses the materials, tools equipment for making simple household articles and crafts.
3. demonstrates how to make any of the chosen items. Improvise where necessary.
4. demonstrates how to make some income yielding articles. Improvise where necessary.
5. displays or exhibits products for sale.
6. summarizes the lesson on the board.
STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES
The students,
1. list household articles.
2. mention the materials and tools for making simple household articles and crafts.
3. Practice the making of a household article and a simple craft.
4. display or exhibit produced articles.
5. copy the board summary.
LESSON EVALUATION
Teacher asks students to,
1. list the articles and tools, steps involved in making simple household articles and household article and craft.
2. list the items needed to construct a tray cloth.
3. list the tools for making any two crafts.
4. make and display the articles and display the articles and crafts constructed.
THEME – HOME MANAGEMENT
TOPIC 5 – PRODUCTION OF CLEANING AGENTS, DEODORANTS AND COSMETICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
1. Kerosene/turpentine, candle wax, bar soap and palm oil.
2. Pawpaw and pineapple leaves, fine sand, detergent, grater, sauce pan, ground egg shell, wood ash, lime, salt and water.
3. Wooden furniture, eg table, chairs, cupboards, shelves etc.
4. Galvanized iron, e.g. saucepan, pots buckets, cutlery, water.
5. Charts showing different stages in preparing home-made polish and cleaning agents, cream/pomade and deodorants.
6. Real objects of prepared cleaning agents, cream and cosmetics.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. identify different types of home-made cleaning agents.
2. state the uses of different home-made cleaning agents.
3. prepare home made polish and different cleaning agents.
4. discuss safety, quality and regulatory control of cosmetic products.
5. list materials and tools for making cosmetics eg pomade/cream.
6. make cosmetics e.g. pomade, cream, and cosmetics.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
FOCUS LESSONS
MEANING AND TYPES OF HOME-MADE CLEANING AGENTS
Home made cleaning agents are materials used for cleaning the household articles and equipments.
There are types of home – made cleaning agents are as follows:
1. Pawpaw leaves
2. Pineapple leaves
3. Fine sand
4. Detergent
5. Grater
6. Sauce pan
7. Grind egg shell
8. Wood ash
9. Lime
10. Salt
USES OF HOME MADE CLEANING AGENTS
1. Pawpaw leaves is used for galvanized iron
2. Fine sand is used for washing pots and buckets.
3. Egg shells are used washing back of pots.
4. Wood Ash is used for washing buckets, trays, cups, pots, etc.
5. Detergents are used for washing clothes, plates, etc.
HOME MADE POLISH
Home made polish are polish make with local materials and used for cleaning furniture at home. For example, they are used for cleaning the following – wooden chairs, table, dining, cupboard, etc.
TYPES OF HOME MADE POLISH
1. Kerosene
2. Turpentine
3. Candle wax
4. Bar soap
5. Palm oil
PREPARATION OF HOME-MADE CLEANING AGENTS
Materials needed for making home made polish and cleaning agents are –
1. Kerosene
2. Candles
3. Bar soaps
4. Boiling water
Procedures –
1. Gale the candle and soap
2. Place the grate mixture in an earth ware pot (or enamel pot) and add boiling water.
3. Stand the pot in boiling water and allow the content to melt.
4. Beat the method mixture thoroughly into a cream using a wooden spoon.
5. Add turpentine gradually and keep beating until the polish is perfectly blended.
6. Store in a good container and well cover.
USING HOME-MADE POLISH AND CLEANING AGENTS
Teacher guides students to clean and polish some of the tools, equipments and furniture and fittings in the class, office or lab.
TYPES OF COSMETICS
Cosmetics are substances that are used to enhance, beautify or protect the appearance or prevent odor of the human body. For example – skincare creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, etc.
There are two types of cosmetics,
1. Traditional Cosmetics
- Shea butter – Ori (Yoruba)
- Palm Kernel oil – Adin dudu (Yoruba), Alaidi (Hausa) and Nmanu Aki or Eli Aki (Igbo)
- Eyes make up – Tiro (Yoruba) and Tanjere (Igbo)
- Camwood powder – Osun (Yoruba)
- Efun (Yoruba) and Uze (Igbo)
2. Modern Cosmetics
- Cleansing cream
- Skin tonic
- Deodorant
- Moisturising cream
- Perfume
- Face powder
- Hair cream
DIFFERENT BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN COSMETICS
Traditional cosmetics are cosmetics made with local materials. While modern cosmetics are cosmetics made with foreign materials and mostly imported materials.
MATERIALS AND TOOLS FOR MAKING COSMETICS
MATERIALS
The key materials that are mostly used are water, pomade, cream, deodorants, emulsifiers, preservatives, thickeners, moisturisers, colours and fragrances.
SAFETY, QUALITY AND REGULATORY CONTROL OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA
1. NAFDAC
National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in Nigeria is a federal agency under the Federal Ministry of Health that is responsible for regulating and controlling the manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, distribution, sale and use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, chemicals and packaged water.
2. SON
SON was established by the SON Act No. 14, 2015, which repeals the Standards Organisation of Nigeria Act, Cap 59 laws of Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004, and Enacts the Standards Organisation of Nigeria Act. 2015 to improve life through standardization and quality assurance.
PROCEDURE OF REGULATORY BODIES
Product Registration & Regulation
1. Submit all documents for registration and application letter in accordance with the issued guidelines at first instance for any of the service to be rendered by NAFDAC.
2. Provide NAFDAC with the relevant information and description of the facility for inspection where it relates to registration and importation of NAFDAC regulated products.
3. Provide samples of the products to be registered when notified by NAFDAC for laboratory analysis.
4. Ensure all payments are made as at when due (See relevant guidelines and tariffs and fees).
5. Ensure all documents are complete and with the appropriate description to prevent unnecessary delays.
Timelines
1. Submission of Application – 0 days
2. Document Verification – 10 days
3. Facility Inspection/Sampling – 10 days for Food, 20 days for Drugs
4. Laboratory Analysis – 30 days for Food, 40 days for Drugs
5. Final Vetting – 10 days
6. Approval Meeting/Issuance of NAFDAC registration Number (Certificate of registration) – 20 days
Compliance Directive
A client is mandated to comply with Compliance Directive (CD) within 7 days of issuance.
Note failure to comply with any CD issued by NAFDAC may be a basis for cancellation of the application and all delays of the client will not be counted within the 90 days for registration.
Complaints
All Complaints or conflicts should be forwarded to the reforms unit of NAFDAC through the following address; [email protected], [email protected], or the nearest nafdac state offices (see attached details).
Guidelines for Registration of Cosmetics Made in Nigeria
Guidelines for Registration of Imported Cosmetics in Nigeria
Reference – Cosmetics Guidelines
NAFDAC, SON, etc.
PROCEDURE FOR MAKING CREAM/POMADE, DEODORANTS AND COSMETICS
LESSON PRESENTATION
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES
The teacher,
1. discusses types of home-made polish and cleaning agents.
2. explains steps in the production of home-made polish and cleaning agents.
3. demonstrates making of home-made furniture polish and cleaning agents.
4. prepares different samples of home-made furniture polish and cleaning agents and display in class.
5. list materials and tools for making pomade cream etc.
6. explains steps in making pomade and cream.
7. displays actual products materials and tools for making pomade/cream and deodorant.
8. discusses the safety quality and regulatory control of cosmetics products.
9. summarizes the lesson on the board.
STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES
The students,
1. examine samples of home-made furniture polish and cleaning agents, pomade/cream and deodorants displayed.
2. list and discuss the steps in the production of home-made polish.
3. practice the production polish.
4. practice the making of cleaning agents, pomade/cream and deodorants.
5. display the product made.
6. copy the board summary.
LESSON EVALUATION
Teacher asks students to,
1. list different types of home made cleaning agent.
2. list of steps inoled in the production of home-made furniture polish.
3. give two examples of home-made cleaning agents.
4. make and display furniture polish and other cleaning agents.
5. polish some furniture in the classroom.
6. discuss importance of safety and regulatory control of cosmetic products.
7. make and display pomade/cream, and deodorants.