Basic Science Guides JSS 1 You and The Environment

 

TOPIC AREA – Clean Water, Immunization, Disease Vector, Drug Abuse, Maintaining Balance, Sanitation, Cleanliness, Nutrition, HIV/AIDS, The Earth in Space 

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 1 – DISEASES PREVENTION (CLEAN WATER) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Samples of treated and untreated water

2. Charts/pictures

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. list water-borne diseases.

2. explain/identify the necessity for boiling water taken from streams, ponds or untreated sources.

3. list the advantages of pipe-borne water.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Water borne diseases:

 

• cholera

• diarrhea

• typhoid

2. Sources of clean water, pipe-borne/portable water and spring water.

3. Water treatment processes.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides students to name water-borne diseases.

2. uses charts/pictures to show sources of clean water.

3. leads visit to water treatment stations.

 

 STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. name water-borne diseases.

2. observe chart on sources of clean water.

3. collect and boil water from streams, ponds and wells.

4. visit a water treatment station.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

 

1. name two water-borne diseases.

2. state the importance of purifying water (boiling water).

3. state one process of purifying water.

4. give 2 advantages of pipe-borne water.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 2 – DISEASES PREVENTION (IMMUNIZATION) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Charts on immunization schedule

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. list diseases that can be prevented through immunization.

2. locate where to get immunization.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of immunization

2. Human diseases that can be immunized

3. Immunization against human diseases

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. provides charts on immunization schedule.

2. guides students to name diseases that can be prevented through immunization.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. observe immunization chart.

2. name diseases that can be prevented by immunization.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to mention 3 human diseases that can be prevented through immunization.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 3 – DISEASES PREVENTION (DISEASE VECTOR) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts

2. Insecticides

3. Oil/kerosene

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. identify vectors and diseases they transmit.

2. describe the life cycle of the anopheles mosquito and use the knowledge to control the breeding of mosquitoes and the spread of malaria.

3. describe the life cycles of other vectors.

4. discuss the transmission of malaria and sleeping sickness.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Types of disease vectors

2. Life cycle of the mosquito and other vectors

3. Control measures: water drainage, insecticides, oil spreading/spraying.

4. Transmission of malaria, river blindness and sleeping sickness

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. leads discussion using charts on life cycle of vectors.

2. demonstrates the control measures.

3. uses charts to illustrate the transmission of diseases by vectors.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate in discussions and draw life cycles of vectors.

2. partake in the demonstration of control measures.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. list 3 types of disease vectors and give one example of each.

2. use diagrams to illustrate the life cycle of the mosquito.

3. state 2 measures of controlling vectors.

4. explain the transmission process of any one of the following:

 

• malaria

• river blindness

• sleeping sickness

 

 BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC  4 – DRUG ABUSE 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts

2. Sample of drugs

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning of drugs.

2. state the medical uses and side effects of drugs.

3. classify drugs and their sources.

4. explain the term drug/substance abuse.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Meaning of Drugs

2. Uses and side effects of drugs

3. Sources of drugs

4. Drugs/substance abuse

 

Note for the lesson – Drug Education, Issues and Challenges of Drug and Drug Abuse

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. leads discussion on the meaning of drug abuse.

2. uses charts to classify drugs.

3. leads discuss on the uses and side effects of drugs.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate in class discussion.

2. classify drugs.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. explain the meaning of drug abuse.

2. state 2 sources of drugs.

3. give 2 examples of drug/substance abuse.

4. mention 2 effects of drug abuse.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT  

TOPIC 5 – ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND SAFETY (MAINTAINING BALANCE) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts

2. Film/pictures of wildlife

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. state the source of the earth’s energy.

2. explain water, carbon and nitrogen cycles.

3. explain the conservation of energy, water and wildlife.

4. discuss the importance of maintaining balance of resources in the environment.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Sun as source of earth’s energy

2. Sun’s energy captured by plants, eaten by animals, reverted to earth in the form of elements

3. Carbon, water and nitrogen cycles

4. Conservation of energy, water and wildlife

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides students to identify the sun as the source of earth’s energy.

2. uses chart to show energy flow.

3. uses charts to illustrate the natural cycles.

4. leads discussion on the importance of conservation of natural resources.

5. organizes field trip/excursion.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate actively in discussions.

2. observe and study the charts on energy flow and natural cycles.

3. go on a nature visit/field trips/excursion.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

 

1. name the major source of the earth’s energy.

2. explain how water carbon and nitrogen are maintained in nature.

3. explain the significance of maintaining the balance of natural resources.

4. mention two natural conservation centres in Nigeria.

5. list 2 importance of conservation energy, water and wildlife.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 6 – ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND SAFETY (SANITATION) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Pictures

2. Films

3. Refuse dump sites

4. Garden implements

5. Water

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. identify the various types of human activities that affect environmental balance.

2. list ways in which a community/school can dispose refuse.

3. distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

4. explain the need for environmental sanitation.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Types of human activities e.g. Farming, sewage/refuse disposal, construction, transportation, industrialization, etc.

2. Effects of human activities on the ecosystem

3. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

4. The compost

5. Benefits of environmental sanitation

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. guides discussions on human activities and their effects on the environment.

2. leads the students to collect biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials from the school compound.

3. initiates activities leading to compost making.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. participate in discussions.

2. collect refuse and classify into biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

3. visit refuse dump sites and record observation for class discussion.

4. make compost.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

 

1. list 3 human activities that affect the environment.

2. state 2 effects of human activities on the environment.

3. name 3 examples each of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

4. discuss the importance of compost.

5. suggest one modern way of refuse/sewage disposal.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 7 – FAMILY HEALTH (CLEANLINESS) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Toiletries

2. Cleaning agents

3. Charts

4. Posters

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define personal cleanliness.

2. describe the methods of keeping their bodies and homes clean.

3. list the advantages of personal cleanliness.

4. explain the consequences of poor hygiene.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Personal Cleanliness:

• meaning

• methods

• advantages and disadvantages

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides learner to define personal cleanliness.

2. leads discussion on:

• methods of keeping bodies and homes clean.

• maintaining personal cleanliness.

• advantages of personal cleanliness.

• disadvantages of poor hygiene.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. bring samples of toiletries/cleaning agents to the class.

2. participate in class discussions.

3. copy board summary.

4. observe personal hygiene in the class and home.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. define personal hygiene.

2. list three methods of keeping their bodies and homes clean.

3. name six cleaning agents.

4. state four consequences of poor hygiene.

5. state three advantages of personal cleanliness.

 

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 8 – FAMILY HEALTH (NUTRITION) 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Food items

2. Charts

3. Posters

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. identify food types.

2. group food into classes based on nutrient content.

3. explain the meaning of adequate diet.

4. plan an adequate diet for a home.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

Food and Adequate Diet:

• Meaning and Types of Food

• Classification of Food Based on Nutrient Content

• Meaning and Composition of adequate diet

• Production of Adequate Diet

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. leads students to identify food types, food nutrients and classes.

2. guides students to group foods into classes based on nutrient content.

3. guides class in discussion on adequate diet and planning an adequate diet for a home.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. bring food items from home.

2. participate in class discussion.

3. sort foods into classes.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. list food types.

2. classify foods based on nutrient content.

3. define adequate diet.

4. produce adequate diet chart.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 9 – PREVENTION OF STIS, HIV/AIDS

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Films

2. Pictures

3. Costumes

4. Paper and pencil

 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. define the terms STIs, HIV/AIDS

2. explain various methods of preventing them

3. recognize irresponsible sexual behaviors as a major cause of the spread of HIV/AIDS

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. Definition of STIs, HIV/AIDS.

2. Preventive Measures:

• Safe age for reproduction

• Abstinence

• Responsible sexual behavior

• Avoid use of unscreened blood, injection needles and clippers.

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

 

1. arranges a guest talk.

2. leads discussion and shows pictures/films.

3. guides students to dramatize responsible behaviors.

4. guides students to make posters and jingles for campaign against the spread of HIV/AIDS.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. listen to guest talk and ask questions.

2. watch films.

3. dramatize responsible behaviors.

4. make posters for HIV/AIDS campaign.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

 

1. state the meaning of the following terms: STIs, HIV, AIDS.

2. list three methods that can protect you against HIV/AIDS infection.

3. discuss the consequences of irresponsible sexual behavior among youths.

4. develop a poster to be used in a class campaign against HIV/AIDS.

 

BASIC SCIENCE 

THEME – YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

TOPIC 10 – THE EARTH IN SPACE
 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Charts/diagrams of the solar system

2. Charts/models/diagram on rotation and revolution of the earth, moon and eclipse

3. Balls

4. Flash light
 

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 

1. identify the components of the solar system.

2. explain the rotation and revolution of the earth and the moon.

3. illustrate the eclipse of the sun and the moon.

4. explain the seasons of the year.

 

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

1. The solar system.

2. Rotation and revolution of the earth and the moon.

3. Description of eclipse, climate and seasons.

Note for the lesson – The Solar System and Gravity and Weightlessness in Space

 

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. illustrates the components of the solar system using the chart.

2. uses models/charts to explain the rotation and revolution of the earth and the moon.

3. demonstrates eclipse of the sun using balls of different sizes and flash light.

4. leads discussion on seasons of the year.

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. observe the illustrations.

2. repeat the teacher’s demonstrations of the eclipses.

3. draw and label the solar system.

4. participate in the discussions on seasons of the year.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. list components of the solar system.

2. discuss the following:

• night and day

• seasons of the year

3. explain the causes of the eclipse of the sun and the moon.