Multiplication of Whole Numbers, Decimals and Fractions

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FIRST TERM

 WEEK

BASIC 

THEME: NUMBERS AND NUMERATION – WHOLE NUMBERS AND FRACTIONS 

TOPIC: Multiplication of Whole Numbers, Decimals and Fractions

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

• By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and be able to:

Whole Numbers 

1. multiply 4- and 5-digit numbers by 1-digit number;
2. multiply 4- and 5-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers;
3. multiply 3-digit by 3-digit numbers;
4. solve word problems on multiplication of whole numbers. 

Decimal Fractions

1. multiply mixed numbers;
2. multiply decimals by 2-digit number;
3. multiply decimals by decimals.

ENTRY BEHAVIOR

The pupils are required to already have learned to addition and substation.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Board
2. Chart showing quantitative aptitude problems on multiplication
3. Orange ball
4. Flip chart
5. Multiplication charts

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METHOD OF TEACHING

1. Explanation
2. Exposition
3. Discussion
4. Demonstration
5. Questions and answers

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work
2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
3. New Method Mathematics Book 6
4. All Relevant Material
5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

• Click to Download… MATHEMATICS

WHOLE NUMBERS

LESSON ONE – Multiplying 4- and 5-digit numbers by 1-digit number

• Example 1

3 4 6 1 × 4 = 1 3 8 4

3 4 6 1

x       4

_________

1 3 8 4 4

• Example 2 

6 2 5 8 4 × 8 =

6 2 5 8 4

x            8

__________

4 5 0 0 6 7

• Exercises 

1. 1 3 8 4 4 x 6 =
2. 4 5 0 0 6 x 7 =

LESSON TWO – Multiplying 4-digit numbers and 5-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers 

• Example 1

 2 4 8 9 × 1 2 = 2 9 8 6 8

2 4 8 9

x    1 2

__________

4 9 7 8

+ 2 4 8 9

__________

2 9 8 6 8

• Example 2 – multiply 3-digit by 3-digit numbers

4 7 8 x 1 2 1 =

4 7 8

x 1 2 1

__________

4 7 8

9 5 6

+ 4 7 8

______________

5 7 8 3 8

• Exercises

1. 7 8 3 8 x 4 5 =
2. 1 2 1 x 4 7 8 =

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DECIMAL FRACTIONS 

• LESSON THREE –  Multiplication of Mixed Numbers 

Lead pupils to the following steps when multiplying mixed numbers:

1. Change mixed number into improper fractions.
2. Cancel common factors and reduce your answers to lowest terms.
3. Write the answer as a mixed numbers. 

• Example 1- Mixed Fractions 

1 3/4 x 2 4/7 =

Change mixed number into improper fractions,

= 7/4 x 16/7

Cancel common factors and reduce your answers to lowest terms,

= 1/1 x 4/1

= 4.

• Example 2 – Fractions by Whole Numbers 

10 x 2 3/8 =

= 10 x 19/8

= 5 x 19/4

= 95/4

= 23 3/4

• Example 3

7/3 x 5/14 =

= 1/3 x 5/7

= 5/21.

• Exercises

1. 2 3/12 x 8 =
2. 5/7 x 14/15 =
3. 4 3/4 x 1 2/5 =

LESSON FOUR

• Example 1 – Multiplication of Decimals by 2-digit Numbers 

2 3 . 2 x 1 5 =

2 3 . 2 – – – – – – – – – – – 1 (number of digits after the decimal point)

x   1 5 – – – – – – – – – – – -0 (no decimal point)

__________ perform the basic multiplication and ignore decimal point

1 1 6 0

+ 2 3 2

__________

3 4 8 . 0      (1 + 0 = 1, total number after the decimal points then place after the count from the right hand side).

• Example 2 – decimals by decimals 

2 . 1 3 x 2 .1 2 =

2 . 1 3     – – – – – – – – 2

x 2 .1 2     – – – – – – – – 2

_________                  ___

4 2 6                        4

+    2 1 3

+ 4 2 6

_______________

4 . 5 1 5 6      »         decimal point after count of 4 digits from right hand side.

• Exercises 

1. 8 9 . 2 3 x 12 =
2. 1 . 0 4 x 1 1 . 2 =

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• Further exercises on multiplication of whole numbers, decimals and fractions as in recommended books. 

PRESENTATION

• To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;
2. Guides pupils to Multiply a 4/5 – digit whole numbers by 1/2 – digit whole numbers;
3. Pupil’s Activities – Multiply a 4/5 – digit whole numbers by 1/2 – digit whole numbers.
4. Guides pupils to multiply a 3 – digit whole numbers by 3 – digit whole numbers;
5. Pupil’s Activities – Multiply a 3 – digit whole numbers by 3 – digit whole numbers.
6. Guides pupils to multiply fractions by fractions and whole numbers;
7. Pupil’s Activities – Multiply fractions by fractions and whole numbers.
8. Guides pupils to multiply decimals by decimals and whole numbers;
9. Pupil’s Activities – Multiply decimals by decimals and whole numbers.
10. Work To Do. 

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson – division.

LESSON EVALUATION

Pupils to as stated in the exercises.