Physical and Health Education SS 1 Curriculum Guides – Structure and Functions of the Lung | Types of Respiration | The Effects of Exercise on Respiration

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

THEME – BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

TOPIC – BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CLASS – SS 1

LEARNING AREAS – Structure and Functions of the Lung | Types of Respiration | The Effects of Exercise on Respiration

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

1. CD-ROMs

2. Projectors

3. Pictures

4 Textbooks

5. Diagrams

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. describe the structure of the lungs.

2. state the functions of the lungs.

3. discuss the types of respiration.

4. describe what takes place in respiration during exercises.

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

THE LUNGS 

The lungs are the major organs of the respiratory system. They are located in the thorax, either side of the mediastinum. The thorax is also called the chest and contains the main organs of respiration and circulation.

The lungs are divided into sections, or lobes. They are make up of a large part of the respiratory system, which is the network of organs and tissues that allow us to breathe.

STRUCTURE OF THE LUNGS 

The lungs are the major organs of the respiratory system. They are divided into sections or lobes.

The right lung has three lobes and is slightly larger than the left lung, which has two lobes.

The lungs are separated by the mediastinum. This area contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and many lymph nodes.

FUNCTIONS OF THE LUNGS 

1. It helps us breathe.

2. It helps the body absorb oxygen from the air so that the organs can work

3. It cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Common problems include allergies, diseases or infections.

4. It allows you to talk and to smell.

5. It warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs.

6. It delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.

7. It removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale.

8. It protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants.

TYPES OF RESPIRATION 

Respiration is the process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the outside air. There are two types of respiration –

1. Aerobic respiration

2. Anaerobic respiration

AEROBIC RESPIRATION 

Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen gas that produces energy from food in most cell at most time. In this process, water and carbon dioxide are produced as end products.

This type of respiration is common in most of the plants, animals, birds, humans, and other mammals.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration is the process that takes place in the absence of oxygen gas and much less frequently than aerobic respiration.

In the process, the energy is obtained by breaking down of glucose in the absence of oxygen. For example, fermentation in yeast.

CHANGE OF GASES IN THE LUNGS – THE GAS EXCHANGE 

Change of gases in the lungs is known as gas exchange. Every cell in your body needs oxygen to live. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. The respiratory system’s main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.

Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. The bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the bloodstream and then exhaled.

The lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange.

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON RESPIRATION 

1. It helps capillaries dilate more, which in turn facilitates efficient exchange of gasses.

2. It helps strengthen the respiratory muscles.

3. It increases blood flow which in turn strengthens the lungs and ensures better exchange of gasses.

4. It increases the heart rate and cardiac output to help deal with the strenuous physical activity.

5. It improves the ability to consume oxygen during maximal exercise.

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. guides students to draw and label the respiratory system.

2. explains the structure and functions of the lungs.

3. guides students to discuss the types of respiration.

4. explains what takes place in respiration during exercises.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. practice drawing and labeling the respiratory system.

2. listen to the teacher.

3. ask and answer questions.

4. participate in the class discussion.

5. take down notes.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. describe the structure of the lungs.

2. state the functions of the lungs.

3. explain the change of gases in the lungs.

4. describe what takes place in respiration during exercises.