Physical and Health Education SS 1 Curriculum Guides – The Principle and Philosophies of Founding Father of Physical Education | The Changes in the Concept of Physical Education

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

THEME – FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

TOPIC – PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

CLASS – SS 1 

LEARNING AREAS – 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

1. Textbooks

2. Audio-Visual aids

3. CD ROMs

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. state the philosophies of Hetherington, Dudley Sergeant Wood, John Dewey.

2. discuss the changes in the concept of Physical Education.

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

FOCUS LESSONS 

THE CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 

Physical Education is education through the physical which aims to develop student’s physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to use these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with the development of an active and healthy lifestyle.

It also develops student’s confidence and generic skills, especially those of collaboration, communication, creativity, critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation. These, together with the nurturing of positive values and attitudes in PE, provide a good foundation for students’ lifelong and life-wide learning.

THE FOUNDING FATHERS PHYSICAL EDUCATION 

The founding fathers of Physical Education are as follows:

1. Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths

2. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn

3. Per Henrik Ling

4. Thomas Wood

5. Clark W. Hetherington

THE PRINCIPLES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 

1. JOHANN CHRISTOPHER FRIEDRICH (GUTSMUTHS) 

He was a German teacher, educator and the founder of this modern gymnastics and thought as the grandfather of gymnastics. He was popularly known for his role in the development physical education and often referred to as one of the founders of modern physical education in Germany.

GutsMuths introduced systematic physical exercise into the school curriculum, and he developed the basic principles of artistic gymnastics. He believed in the power and Importance of of regular exercise to develop physical, mental and moral aspects.

 

2. FRIEDRICH LUDWIG JAHN 

He was also a German gymnastics educator and nationalist and often referred to as Turnvater Jahn, roughly meaning the Father of Gymnastics. He believed that physical education should be used promote nationalism and patriotism. He recommends the use of gymnastics as tool for national unity and military training.

 

3. PER HENRIK LING 

He pioneered the teaching of physical education in Sweden and credited as the father of Swedish massage. Ling was the gymnastics instructor in the Military Academy at Carlsberg.

He was a tuberculosis patient. He discovered that his daily exercises had restored his health and decided to apply this experience for the benefit of others. He developed the system of gymnastics. He believed that daily physical exercise can improve health and prevent diseases.

4. THOMAS WOOD 

He was America Physical Educator who stated that “the great thought of physical education is not the education of the physical nature, but the relation of physical training to complete education, and then the effort to make the physical contribute its full share to the life of the individual.

He strongly encouraged natural activities like sports and games as opposed to just working out. Wood’s work has a great influence on modern physical education. It has inspired more people to get active and participate in fun and healthy activities.

5. CLARK W HETHERINGTON

He is a pioneer in the American play movement and a philosopher, teacher, and physical education administrator at the university, state, and national levels.

He believed that Play is the central element in the scheme of human nature that makes volition possible. Without play man is inconceivable; play makes volition and rational living possible. There is no meaning to the phrase ‘mere play,’ for play is the most important activity in life. He believed that, Play is Nature’s method of education – it is identical with the child’s spontaneous living.

CHANGES IN THE CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 

The concept of physical education has been changing it focus from developing physical fitness, skills, and abilities over the years to more physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development. Some f the major changes that have occurred in the concept of physical education are as follows:

1. Inclusion

2. Diversity of activities

3. Health and wellness

4. Technology

5. Environmental awareness

INCLUSION

Inclusion in physical education gives equal opportunities for everyone to access physical education and activity regardless of their background, ability or disability, or gender. Creating an inclusion culture for physical education and physical activity helps every student learn to lead a healthy and active lifestyle.

DIVERSITY OF ACTIVITIES 

Modern physical education offers a wider range of recreation and lifelong activities that recognizes aspects such as race, religion, gender, athletic ability, and other characteristics that lend themselves to one’s uniqueness rather than just traditional sports.

HEALTH AND WELLNESS 

Physical education recognizes the need for health and wellness of physical activity, healthy foods, and sleep, as well as preventing illness and injury or managing chronic health conditions.

TECHNOLOGY

Technology has been a boon for physical education. The use of video analysis, wearable tech and physical education apps have helped the physical educators to track the student’s progress and give a resound feedback.

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS 

Physical activity can be undertaken in a park, in the wilderness, or other outdoor location. Contrasting to physical activity undertaken inside a gym or health club for the same purpose, people appreciate and understand the benefits of natural environment on physical health and wellness.

LESSON PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

The teacher,

1. discuss the philosophies of the founding fathers.

2. explains the changes in the concept of Physical Education.

 

 

STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

The students,

1. compare the philosophies of the founding fathers.

2. mention some changes in the concept of Physical Education.

 

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher asks students to,

1. list two differences among the philosophies of the founding fathers.

2. mention three changes in the concept of Physical Education.