Soaps Making – Methods of Soap Preparation | Industrial Process of Soap Making | Chemical Needed for Soap Making Primary 5 (Basic 5)

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

BASIC SCIENCE

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SECOND TERM  

WEEK 11

PRIMARY 5 

THEME – LIVING AND NON LIVING 

PREVIOUS LESSON – Soaps and Detergents | Local Materials Used for Making Soaps and Detergents | Active Ingredients of the Materials Primary 5 (Basic 5)

TOPIC – SOAPS MAKING 

 

LEARNING AREA

1. Methods of Soap Preparation

2. Industrial Process of Soap Making

3. Chemicals Needed for Soap Making

4. Weekly Assessment

 

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 

By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and should be able to –

1. state methods of soap preparation.

2. identify industrial process of soap making.

3. state chemical needed for soap making.

 

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

As stated in the instructional materials.

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

Materials or ingredients needed for making soaps.

 

 

METHOD OF TEACHING 

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work

2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

3. Course Book

4. All Relevant Material

5. Online Information

 

WRITING INSTRUCTION 

Copy as I write or draw as I need. This instruction should be given when you need the pupils to write or draw.

 

CONTENT OF THE LESSON  

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION 

Teacher’s/Pupil’s Activities – Lead a discussion on methods of soap preparation.

 

On board, copy as I write.

METHOD OF SOAPS PREPARATION 

1. Melt and Remold Soap Making Method

Melt and remold soap making method is very simple and easy method.

It involves –

• Buying pre-made soap base.

• Dissolved the soap base in liquid.

• Add your ingredients like soap colour dye of your choice.

• Add oils, herbs and nutrients.

• Remold, decorate and design the soap as you pleased.

• Allow it harden and and package for sales.

 

2. Cold Process Method 

Cold processes method is more complex than melt and remold soap method because it involves making soap from the from start.

 

 

This enables producers to create and mix soap ingredients with decorate and design.

 

3. Hot Process Method

Hot process method is another form of cold process soap making except for heating soap ingredients to speed soap making process.

 

4. Rebatching or Hand Milling Method

Rebatching method is also known as hand milling method that involves melting down shredded cold process soap making and add other soap ingredients.

 

LESSON 2 – INDUSTRIAL PROCESS OF SOAP MAKING 

Teacher’s/Pupil’s Activities – Lead a discussion on industrial process of soap making.

 

On board, copy as I write.

Industrial Process of Soap Making are –

1. Choice of soap making, materials or ingredients

• For bar soap, sodium hydroxide is required.

• For liquid soap, potassium hydroxide is required.

 

2. Saponification Process for Soap Making

• Saponification is the reaction of heated oil and lye. Iye is very important in soap making. Without it, soap making is not possible.

 

3. Choice of Soap Making

Choice of Soap Making can be in any of the following form –

• Bar Soaps

• Detergents

• Liquid Detergents

4. Packaging

5. Distribution

 

LESSON 3 – CHEMICALS NEEDED FOR SOAPS MAKING AND EVALUATION 

Teacher’s/Pupil’s Activities – Lead a discussion on chemicals needed for soap making.

 

On board, copy as I write.

Fat or oil mixed with an alkali in soap making.

The oil is organic and gotten from an animal or plant.

The alkali is a chemical and it known as lye.

Two chemical are very important in soap making –

1. Sodium hydroxide

 

 

• It is used for making bar soap.

2. Potassium hydroxide

• It is used for making liquid soap.

 

REVISION AND WEEK LESSON ASSESSMENT 

As stated in performance objectives or lesson evaluation. 

 

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Leads a discussion on the following –

• Method of Soaps Preparation

• Industrial Process of Soaps Making

• Chemicals Needed for Soaps Making

Pupil’s Activities – Active participation in the class discussion.

6. Initiates discussion on uses of acids and bases to include soap making either bar or liquid.

Pupil’s Activities – Identify active ingredients used in making soap from palm oil and wood ash.

7. Teacher’s/Pupil’s Activities – Take safety precautions.

 

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

• Next Lesson –

 

LESSON EVALUATION 

Pupils to:

1. state 4 methods of soap preparation.

2. identify 5 industrial process of soap making.

3. state 2 chemical needed for soap making.

 

 

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT 

ATTEMPT ALL THE QUESTIONS 

 

1. _________________ is very simple and easy method.

A. Melt and remold soap making method

 

 

B. Hot process method

C. Cold processes method

 

2. _________________ is more complex than melt and remold soap method because it involves making soap from the from start.

A. Melt and remold soap making method

B. Hot process method

C. Cold processes method

 

3. _________________ is another form of cold process soap making except for heating soap ingredients to speed soap making process.

A. Melt and remold soap making method

B. Hot process method

C. Cold processes method

 

4. _________________ is also known as hand milling method that involves melting down shredded cold process soap making and add other soap ingredients.

A. Melt and remold soap making method

B. Rebatching method

C. Cold processes method

 

5. _______________ Sodium hydroxide for making bar soap.

A. Potassium hydroxide

B. Sodium hydroxide

C. Iye hydroxide

 

6. _______________ for making liquid soap.

A. Sodium hydroxide

B. Iye hydroxide

C. Potassium hydroxide

 

7. _______________ is the reaction of heated oil and lye.

A. Sodium

B. Saponification

C. Potassium

 

8. _______________ is very important in soap making.

A. Sodium

B. Iye

C. Potassium

 

9. Without _______________, soap making is not possible.

A. Sodium

B. Iye

C. Potassium

 

10. The _______________ is a chemical and it known as lye.

 

 

A. alkali

B. Acids

C. Base