Meaning and Common Plant Pests and Diseases | Ways of Controlling Plant Pests and Diseases Primary 4 (Basic 4)

GENERAL INFORMATION

BASIC SCIENCE

BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

SECOND TERM

WEEK 6

PRIMARY 4

THEME –  LEARNING ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT 

 PREVIOUS LESSON – PLANTS WEEDS

 

TOPIC – PESTS AND DISEASES OF CROP PLANTS 

LEARNING AREA

1. Introductory Activities

2. Meaning of Plants Pests and Diseases

3. Causes of Plant Diseases

4. Ways of Controlling Pests and Diseases

5. Weekly Assessment

 

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and should be able to –

1. define and identify common pests on our farm.

2. describe the damages caused by pests.

3. state ways of controlling pests.

4. list the causes of plant diseases.

5. state how the disease can be controlled.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Infected Crops Plants

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Samples of crops infected by pests and diseases.

2. Samples/charts of pests and diseases

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons. 

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Scheme of Work

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum

Course Book

All Relevant Material

Online Information

WRITING INSTRUCTIONS

Copy as I write or draw as I need. This instruction should be given when you need the pupils to write or draw.

CONTENT OF THE LESSON  

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITIES 

PLANT PESTS 

Teacher’s Activities – Present sample of beans with weevils and chart showing –

• termites on a log of wood,

• birds eating fruits on a tree,

• grasshoppers and monkeys feeding on a maize plants, and

• cows feeding on farmland, for the pupils to examine and discuss their observations.

Pupil’s response – Examine and discuss Insects and animals activities on the crops and plants.

Teacher’s remark – Fruits, beans, mazes, etc. are crops eaten by termites, weevils, monkeys, cows and bird are called pests. Give a great cheer.

On board, copy as I write.

MEANING OF PLANT PESTS 

Pests are insects and small animals that are harmful or damage crops.

On board, copy as I write.

EXAMPLES OF PLANT PESTS 

1. Weevils

2. Termites

3. Birds

4. Grasshoppers

5. Monkeys

6. Cows

7. Goats

8. Rabbits

9. Rats

10. Butterfly

 

DAMAGES CAUSED BY PLANT PESTS

Teacher’s/Pupil’s Discussion

On board, copy as I write.

1. Destroyed the plant leaves and stem.

2. Destroyed the crop plants.

3. Reduced the crops production.

4. Reduced the quality of seasonal seeds.

5. Reduced farmers income.

6. Discouraged farmers and farming.

7. Lead to foods or crops scarcity.

LESSON 2 – PLANT DISEASES 

Teacher’s Activities – Present sample of tomatoes for the pupils to examine and differentiate.

Pupil’s response – One of the tomatoes is good and OK while the other one is bad (spoiled) and not OK.

Teacher’s remark – The tomatoes are not eaten by pest but infected by diseases. Other crops like yams, maize, fruits, etc. can be affected by diseases. Common plant diseases are fungi, bacteria and viruses. Discuss and write on the board, meaning of plant disease, causes of plant diseases, and their control measures.

On board, copy as I write.

MEANING PLANT DISEASES

Plant diseases are microorganisms that damage the plants.

On board, copy as I write.

CAUSES OF PLANT DISEASES 

Teacher’s/Pupil’s Discussion on

Plant diseases are caused by living microorganism agents which are –

1. Nematodes

2. Fungi

3. Bacteria

4. Mycoplasmas

On board, copy as I write.

PESTS AND DISEASES CONTROL MEASURES 

1.Biological methods

This is use of other living organisms to control pests. For example, the using chicken control termites, grasshoppers and other insects. The use of dogs can be to control animals.

2. Cultural methods

This is man’s activities to reduce pests and diseases on the farmland.

For examples,

• hand picking the insects

• creating a noisy scene

• the use of trap

• Scarecrow

• Fence for small farmland.

3. Prohibition

4. Quarantine

This involves separating infected crops or plants from uninfected ones.

Other Materials – Meaning and Common Plant Pests and Diseases | Ways of Controlling Plant Pests and Diseases Primary 4 (Basic 4) ASEI PDSI METHOD

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;

2. Asks the pupils to differentiate between crops and weeds.

Pupil’s Activities – Differentiate between crops and weeds.

3. Lets the pupils examine the chart of plant pests and diseases.

Pupil’s Activities – examine the charts of pests and diseases and discuss.

4. Guides the pupils to explain plant pests and diseases.

Pupil’s Activities – Explain plant pests and diseases.

5. Discuss the control measures of pests and diseases.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate Actively in the discussion.

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

• Next Lesson – Water Evaporation and Condensation

LESSON EVALUATION 

Pupils to:

1. define and identify common pests on our farm.

2. describe the damages caused by pests.

3. state ways of controlling pests.

4. list the causes of plant diseases.

5. state how the disease can be controlled.

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT

ATTEMPTS ALL THE QUESTIONS

1. _______________ are unwanted plants while _______________ are wanted plants.

A. Weeds/crops

B. Crops/weeds

C. Crops/plants

 

2. Fruits, beans, mazes, etc. are crops eaten by termites, weevils, monkeys, cows and bird are called _______________.

A. Plants

B. Diseases

C. Pests

3. _______________ are insects and small animals that are harmful or damage crops.

A. Diseases

B. Pests

C. Plants

4. Weevils attacks _______________.

A. Maizes

B. Beans

C. Yam

5. Termites attack _______________.

A. Log of wood

B. Log of plants

C. Log of trees

6. Grasshopper, weevils and termites are _______________ pests.

A. Animal

B. Man

C. Insect

7. Cows, goats and monkey are _______________ pests

A. Animal

B. Man

C. Insect

8. Pests are insects and small animals that are/caused _______________ to crops.

A. Harmful

B. Damaged

C. Both

9. _______________ is the use of other living organisms to control pests.

A. Cultural control

B. Biological control

C. Quarantine

10. _______________ is the man’s activities to reduce pests and diseases on the farmland.

A. Cultural control

B. Biological control

C. Quarantine

 

11. _______________ involves separating infected crops or plants from uninfected ones.

A. Cultural control

B. Biological control

C. Quarantine

12. _______________ and _______________ are good examples of plant pests.

13. _______________ and _______________ are good examples of plant diseases.

State 2 methods of controlling pests and diseases.

 

14. _______________

 

15. _______________